Alcohol industry self-regulation: who is it really protecting?
Alcohol industry self-regulation: who is it really protecting?
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DOI：
10.1111/add.13433
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Vendrame, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noel, Jonathan;Lazzarini, Zita;Vendrame, Alan
酒类行业提倡自我管制，认为这是管制酒类销售活动的一个充分手段。然而，有证据表明，自我监管的酒类营销守则准则经常遭到违反，导致酒类营销过度接触青年，并使用可能对青年和其他弱势群体有害的内容。如果酒精行业不遵守自己的规定，这些守则的目的和设计就应该受到质疑。事实上，在巴西、联合王国和美国实施酒类销售自我监管可能会推迟法定监管，而不是促进公共健康。此外，目前的自我监管守则措辞模糊，可能使该行业规避准则;存在漏洞，可能阻碍守则的执行;宽松的接触准则，即使得到适当遵守，也可能使青年人过度接触;审查标准可能不适合保护弱势群体。如果对酒类销售实行立法限制，并在欧洲联盟实施严格的法定酒类销售条例，并成功地进行了辩护，欧洲法院宣布对酒类销售的限制与对公共健康的好处成正比，则可能实现更大的公共健康利益。相比之下，在美国限制酒类营销活动的尝试是通过私人诉讼进行的，但没有成功。尽管如此，一再违反工业守则可能会使立法者有充分的理由通过新的立法，并使这种立法经得起美国和其他地方的宪法审查。
Self-regulation has been promoted by the alcohol industry as a sufficient means of regulating alcohol marketing activities. However, evidence suggests that the guidelines of self-regulated alcohol marketing codes are violated routinely, resulting in excessive alcohol marketing exposure to youth and the use of content that is potentially harmful to youth and other vulnerable populations. If the alcohol industry does not adhere to its own regulations the purpose and design of these codes should be questioned. Indeed, implementation of alcohol marketing self-regulation in Brazil, the United Kingdom and the United States was likely to delay statutory regulation rather than to promote public health. Moreover, current self-regulation codes suffer from vague language that may allow the industry to circumvent the guidelines, loopholes that may obstruct the implementation of the codes, lax exposure guidelines that can allow excessive youth exposure, even if properly followed, and a standard of review that may be inappropriate for protecting vulnerable populations. Greater public health benefits may be realized if legislative restrictions were applied to alcohol marketing, and strict statutory alcohol marketing regulations have been implemented and defended successfully in the European Union, with European courts declaring that restrictions on alcohol marketing are proportional to the benefits to public health. In contrast, attempts to restrict alcohol marketing activities in the United States have occurred through private litigation and have been unsuccessful. None the less, repeated violations of industry codes may provide legislators with sufficient justification to pass new legislation and for such legislation to withstand constitutional review in the United States and elsewhere.