Modelling dispersal and connectivity of broadcast spawning corals at the global scale
Modelling dispersal and connectivity of broadcast spawning corals at the global scale
复制标题
对全球范围内广播产卵珊瑚的扩散和连通性进行建模
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
E. Hendy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Wood;Claire B Paris;A. Ridgwell;E. Hendy
我们开发了第一个通用广播产卵珊瑚的全球连通性模型，并将结果与遗传研究、一般生物地理模式和理论的连通性估计进行了比较。我们还推导了描述位置之间相对隔离和源潜力的各种“连通性指数”。采用基于个体的生物物理扩散模型，模拟了模型珊瑚“幼虫”在8年内的扩散，该模型由1/12°分辨率的表面洋流数据驱动，并考虑了个体特征变异（如分阶段的预适应期）。模拟幼虫在合适的珊瑚礁栖息地的来源和到达地点给出了标准化的扩散路径和相对的连通性水平。在模型c中，50%的连接发生在50-100公里范围内，以“垫脚石”方式连接整个海洋的区域之间的分散较少。太平洋中部几乎是一个完全的扩散屏障，只有很少从加拉帕戈斯群岛向西到马克萨斯群岛被突破。夏威夷、复活节岛、红海和东大西洋等地区也表现出强烈的孤立感。印度-西太平洋和大堡礁的连通性水平最高，其次是西印度洋，对应于珊瑚多样性丰富的地区。总体而言，印度太平洋中部的多样性热点是一个更大的扩散源，而不是吸收源。这项研究提供了一个关于连通性的全球视角，补充了遗传学和生物地理学的工作，并提供了一些与生物地理学理论相关的新发现（例如，印度太平洋中部是一个分散来源；约翰斯顿环礁是进入夏威夷的唯一“踏脚石”）。与提出的连通性模式（如单向、向西、跨太平洋中部的连通性）的差异为未来的研究提供了假设。该模型是探索这一尺度上控制连通性的因素和气候变化对未来连通性的影响的有效工具，也将有助于预测未来的珊瑚礁分布。
Aim We develop the first global model of connectivity for a generic broadcast spawning coral, and compare the results to connectivity estimates from genetic studies, general biogeographic patterns and theories. We also derive various ‘connectivity indices’ describing relative isolation and source potential between locations. Location Modelled oceans 47° S–47° N. Methods Dispersal of model coral ‘larvae’ was simulated over 8 years using an individual-based biophysical dispersal model driven by 1/12°-resolution surface ocean current data and incorporating individual trait variability (e.g. a phased pre-competency period). Source and arrival locations of modelled larvae on suitable reef habitat gave standardized dispersal paths and relative levels of connectivity. Results In the model c. 50% of connections occurred within 50–100 km, with rarer dispersal between regions linking entire oceans in a ‘stepping stone’ fashion. The central Pacific was an almost complete barrier to dispersal, only rarely breached westward from the Galapagos to Marquesas Islands. Areas showing strong isolation also included Hawaii, Easter Island, the Red Sea and the eastern Atlantic. The Indo-West Pacific and Great Barrier Reef showed the highest levels of connectivity, with secondary peaks in the western Indian Ocean, corresponding to areas of enriched coral diversity. The central Indo-Pacific diversity hotspot was overall a greater source than sink for dispersal. Conclusions This study provides a global view of connectivity that complements genetic and biogeographic work as well as providing a number of novel findings relevant to biogeographic theories (e.g. the central Indo-Pacific as a dispersal source; Johnston Atoll as the sole ‘stepping-stone’ into Hawaii). Discrepancies with proposed connectivity patterns (e.g. one-way, westward, connectivity across the central Pacific) present hypotheses for future research. The model represents an effective tool for exploring the factors controlling connectivity on this scale and the effects of climate change on future connectivity, and will also aid predictions of future reef distributions.