Political Culture, Patterns of American Political Development, and Distinctive Rationalities
Political Culture, Patterns of American Political Development, and Distinctive Rationalities
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政治文化、美国政治发展模式及独特理性
DOI：
10.1017/s0034670500030941
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Lockhart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Lockhart
根据道格拉斯-威尔达夫斯基的网格群理论，这篇文章展示了不断变化的社会环境是如何促使文化忠诚和跨文化联盟的独特模式发生变化的，这反过来又区分了美国政治发展的三个漫长时代。由此产生的对美国政治发展的描绘比赫希曼、麦克劳斯基和扎勒所描绘的两极之间的摇摆更为复杂，因为所采用的刻画在两个维度上有三个极点。但这种更为复杂的描述更好地解释了美国政治生活在不同时代的变化特征。结论集中在我认为这一观点的两个最重要的含义上，表明：(1)与普遍的观点相反，最近的政治发展时代为平等主义者在美国政治舞台上提供了一个不安全的位置，(2)这种政治变革的概念通过区分竞争的、文化约束的理性，揭示了对政治生活的更深层次的见解。
Drawing on Douglas-Wildavsky grid-group theory, the article shows how changing social circumstances prompt distinctive patterns of shifting cultural allegiance and intercultural coalitions which in turn distinguish three lengthy eras of American political development. The resulting portrayal of American political development is more complex than the oscillation between two poles depicted by Hirschman as well as McClosky and Zaller, for the characterization employed has three poles in two dimensions. But this more complex portrayal better explains the changing character of American political life across eras. The conclusion focuses on what I regard as the two most significant implications of this view, showing that: (1) contrary to widespread opinion, the most recent era of political development affords egalitarians an insecure position on the American political stage, and (2) this conception of political change reveals deeper insights about political life by distinguishing rival, culturally constrained rationalities.