Ecological Succession of Bacterial Communities during Conventionalization of Germ-Free Mice
Ecological Succession of Bacterial Communities during Conventionalization of Germ-Free Mice
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.05239-11
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Huffnagle, Gary B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillilland, Merritt G., III;Erb-Downward, John R.;Huffnagle, Gary B.
鲜为人知的是，在实验常规化的胃肠道（GI）的早期生态演替的动态，因此，我们测量了细菌群落随时间的变化，在两个不同的粘膜部位（盲肠和空肠），与无菌C57 BL/6小鼠作为受体的盲肠内容物（输入社区）从C57 BL/6供体小鼠。利用焦磷酸测序法对盲肠和空肠的16 S rRNA基因扩增子文库进行监测，并通过各种生态指标进行分析。细菌群落，在第1天postconventionalization，在盲肠和空肠有较低的多样性和不同的输入社区（占主导地位的埃希氏菌或拟杆菌）。然而，到第7天和第21天，受体群落变得显著多样化，盲肠群落与供体和供体同窝仔的盲肠群落相似，证实盲肠内容物的转移导致7至21天后盲肠中群落的重新组装。然而，受体空肠中的细菌群落与彼此或供体接种物或供体同窝仔相比显示出显著的结构异质性，表明空肠的细菌群落在常规化的前21天期间更具动态性。本报告表明，（i）成熟的输入社区并不简单地重新组装在粘膜网站在常规化（他们首先转化为一个“开拓”的社区，并随着时间的推移采取的外观，在成员和结构的原始输入社区）和（ii）特定的粘膜环境中发挥了作用，塑造社区。
Little is known about the dynamics of early ecological succession during experimental conventionalization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; thus, we measured changes in bacterial communities over time, at two different mucosal sites (cecum and jejunum), with germfree C57BL/6 mice as the recipients of cecal contents (input community) from a C57BL/6 donor mouse. Bacterial communities were monitored using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries from the cecum and jejunum and analyzed by a variety of ecological metrics. Bacterial communities, at day 1 postconventionalization, in the cecum and jejunum had lower diversity and were distinct from the input community (dominated by either Escherichia or Bacteroides). However, by days 7 and 21, the recipient communities had become significantly diverse and the cecal communities resembled those of the donor and donor littermates, confirming that transfer of cecal contents results in reassembly of the community in the cecum 7 to 21 days later. However, bacterial communities in the recipient jejunum displayed significant structural heterogeneity compared to each other or the donor inoculum or the donor littermates, suggesting that the bacterial community of the jejunum is more dynamic during the first 21 days of conventionalization. This report demonstrates that (i) mature input communities do not simply reassemble at mucosal sites during conventionalization (they first transform into a "pioneering" community and over time take on the appearance, in membership and structure, of the original input community) and (ii) the specific mucosal environment plays a role in shaping the community.