Evaluating the Effects of a Brief Tobacco Intervention in the US Air Force
Evaluating the Effects of a Brief Tobacco Intervention in the US Air Force
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntaa001
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Talcott, Gerald W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Little, Melissa A.;Fahey, Margaret C.;Talcott, Gerald W.
简介：军人是美国烟草使用率最高的人群之一。不幸的是，很少有旨在减少这一弱势群体烟草使用的干预措施。当前的研究通过评估短期烟草干预 (BTI) 的短期有效性来满足这一需求，这是一项为期 40 分钟的基于小组的干预措施，旨在减少美国入伍军人样本在 11 周非自愿戒烟期间的当代烟草使用模式。 目的和方法：参与者是 2017 年 4 月至 1 月期间在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市圣安东尼奥-拉克兰空军基地联合基地的 2999 名美国空军技术实习生2018 年。参与者被随机分为三种情况：(1) BTI + 飞行员保持无烟指南 (AG)，(2) AG 干预，或 (3) 标准戒烟干预。主要分析是比较技术培训期间预防吸烟的干预措施的效果，使用控制协变量的广义估计方程逻辑回归模型进行。使用多重插补来解释随访损失。结果：随访时烟草制品的使用情况没有显着差异（p = .454）。 BTI + AG 条件确实在感知伤害、使用烟草的意图、烟草产品知识和规范信念方面产生了短期变化。结论：这些研究结果表明，虽然干预措施在短期内有效，但在 12 周内不足以阻止飞行员开始吸烟。未来的研究应该检验增加加强课程或媒体宣传是否可以提高干预的有效性。 影响：尽管大多数飞行员相信他们在技术培训禁令之后将保持无烟状态，但其中很大一部分飞行员在这个高风险时期恢复并开始吸烟。因此，需要针对军事学员在受教育期间报告打算保持无烟的意图时可使用的烟草范围采取干预措施。目前的研究表明，BTI 与额外的干预措施（例如加强会议或媒体宣传活动）相结合，有望减少长期烟草使用。
Introduction: Military personnel have among the highest rates of tobacco use in the United States. Unfortunately, there are few interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use among this vulnerable population. The current study addresses this need by evaluating the short-term effectiveness of a Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI), a 40-min group-based intervention designed to reduce contemporary patterns of tobacco use among a sample of US military enlistees during an 11-week period of involuntary tobacco abstinence.Aims and Methods: Participants were 2999 US Air Force Technical Trainees at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas from April 2017 through January 2018. Participants were cluster randomized to three conditions: (1) BTI + Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free (AG), (2) AG intervention, or (3) standard smoking cessation intervention. The primary analysis was a comparison of the interventions' efficacies in preventing tobacco use during Technical Training, conducted using a generalized estimating equations logistic regression model controlling for covariates. Multiple imputation was used to account for loss to follow-up.Results: There was not a significant difference by condition in the use of tobacco products at follow-up (p =.454). The BTI + AG condition did produce short-term changes in perceived harm, intentions to use tobacco, knowledge about tobacco products, and normative beliefs.Conclusions: These findings suggest that while the intervention was effective in the short term, it was not potent enough over a 12-week period to prevent Airmen from initiating tobacco use. Future studies should examine whether adding a booster session or media campaign enhances the effectiveness of the intervention.Implications: Despite the fact that most Airmen believe they will remain tobacco free following the ban in Technical Training, a large percentage of these Airmen resume and initiate tobacco use during this high-risk period. As a result, there is a need for interventions targeting the range of tobacco available to military trainees during a teachable moment when they report intentions to remain tobacco free. The current study shows that a BTI has promise in reducing long-term tobacco use, when coupled with additional interventions, such as a booster session or a media campaign.