Paving the way for the JWST: witnessing globular cluster formation at z > 3

Paving the way for the JWST: witnessing globular cluster formation at z > 3
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为 JWST 铺平道路:见证 z > 3 处球状星团的形成

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stx351
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Cristiani
Cristiani
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vanzella;Calura;Meneghetti;Mercurio;Castellano;Caminha;Balestra;Rosati;De Barros;Grazian;D'Ercole;Ciotti;Caputi;Grillo;Merlin;Pentericci;Fontana;Cristiani

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我们报告了使用 VLT/多装置光谱探测器在红移 3.1169 和 3.235 处观察到的 5 个紧凑、极年轻 (<10 Myr) 和蓝色 (βUV< −2.5,Fλ= λβ) 天体,以及 3 个 atz= 6.145 的天体。这些来源被哈勃前沿场星系团 MACS J0416 和 AS1063 强烈放大(3-40 倍)。它们的消光半光半径 (Re) 在 16 到 140 pc 之间,恒星质量为 ≃1–20 × 106M⊙,星等为 mUV= 28.8–31.4 (−17 <MUV< −15),特定的恒星形成速率可高达 ∼800 Gyr−1。值得注意的是,推断出的两个物体的物理特性与一些球状星团形成场景中预期的物理特性相似,代表了迄今为止发现的最佳候选原GC。其中一个 atz= 3.1169 的静止框架光学高色散光谱产生速度色散 σv≃ 20 km s−1,这意味着动力质量由恒星质量主导。另一个物体 atz= 6.145,具有 delensedMUV≃ -15.3 (mUV≃ 31.4),显示出恒星质量和恒星形成速率表面密度与流行的 GC 形成情景中预期的值一致。还确定了一个额外的恒星形成区域 atz= 6.145,其 delensedmUV≃ 32,恒星质量为 0.5 × 106M⊙,恒星形成速率为 0.06 M⊙yr−1。这些天体目前代表了光谱证实的最微弱的恒星形成系统 atz> 3,即使在最深的空白区域也难以捉摸。我们讨论了原GC如何对宇宙的电离预算做出贡献并在再电离过程中增强Lyα的可见性。这项工作强调了 JWST 在表征此类低光度高 Z 物体的静止框架光学和近红外特性方面的关键作用。
We report on five compact, extremely young (<10 Myr) and blue (βUV< −2.5,Fλ= λβ) objects observed with VLT/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer at redshifts 3.1169 and 3.235, in addition to three objects atz= 6.145. These sources are strongly magnified (3–40 times) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy clusters MACS J0416 and AS1063. Their delensed half-light radii (Re) are between 16 and 140 pc, the stellar masses are ≃1–20 × 106M⊙, the magnitudes aremUV= 28.8–31.4 (−17 <MUV< −15) and specific star formation rates can be as large as ∼800 Gyr−1. Remarkably, the inferred physical properties of two objects are similar to those expected in some globular cluster formation scenarios, representing the best candidate proto-GCs discovered so far. Rest-frame optical high-dispersion spectroscopy of one of them atz= 3.1169 yields a velocity dispersion σv≃ 20 km s−1, implying a dynamical mass dominated by the stellar mass. Another object atz= 6.145, with delensedMUV≃ −15.3 (mUV≃ 31.4), shows a stellar mass and a star formation rate surface density consistent with the values expected from popular GC formation scenarios. An additional star-forming region atz= 6.145, with delensedmUV≃ 32, a stellar mass of 0.5 × 106M⊙and a star formation rate of 0.06 M⊙yr−1is also identified. These objects currently represent the faintest spectroscopically confirmed star-forming systems atz> 3, elusive even in the deepest blank fields. We discuss how proto-GCs might contribute to the ionization budget of the Universe and augment Lyα visibility during reionization. This work underlines the crucial role ofJWSTin characterizing the rest-frame optical and near-infrared properties of such low-luminosity high-zobjects.
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