IMMUNOGENS OF ROTAVIRUSES
IMMUNOGENS OF ROTAVIRUSES
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DOI：
10.1016/0378-1135(93)90031-2
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
LYOO, YS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PAUL, PS;LYOO, YS
轮状病毒会导致包括牛、猪、马、狗、猫、鸡和火鸡在内的多种动物的新生儿患上胃肠炎。轮状病毒粒子是无包膜的，直径约75 nm，具有双重衣壳，基因组中含有11个双链RNA片段。A组轮状病毒是第一组分离到的轮状病毒，是在腹泻动物中发现的最常见的轮状病毒。A组轮状病毒有两种表面蛋白VP4和VP7，这两种表面蛋白在血清型测定、诱导中和抗体和保护性免疫中都是重要的。A组轮状病毒以糖蛋白VP7为基础(命名为G型)和以VP4为基础(P型)的多种血清型已被鉴定。轮状病毒的免疫反应本质上是血清型特异性的，然而，交叉反应或异型表位也被识别出来。目前可接受的免疫原定量方法包括在宿主或实验动物中诱导中和抗体。轮状病毒相关性胃肠炎疫苗的体内效力仍然是标准方法，必须与体外方法进行比较。已经开发了几个动物模型，这些模型可能用于评估候选疫苗的效力。轮状病毒免疫原的单抗目前也是可用的，并作为体外定量轮状病毒免疫原的有价值的试剂。
Rotaviruses cause gastroenteritis in neonates of many animal species including cattle, swine, horses, dogs, cats, chickens and turkeys. Rotavirions are nonenveloped, are about 75 nm in diameter, have a double capsid, and contain 11 double-stranded RNA segments as their genome. Several antigenically distinct groups of rotaviruses have been identified and have been alphabetically designated as A through G. Group A rotaviruses were the first group of rotaviruses isolated and are the most commonly detected rotaviruses in diarrheic animals.Group A rotaviruses have two surface proteins, VP4 and VP7, both of which are important in serotype determination and in inducing neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. Multiple serotypes of group A rotavirus based on glycoprotein VP7 (designated as G types) and based on VP4 (P types) have been identified. The immune response to rotaviruses is essentially serotype specific, however, cross-reactive or heterotypic epitopes have also been identified.Currently acceptable methods for immunogen quantitation include the induction of neutralizing antibody in host or laboratory animals. The in vivo efficacy of vaccines against rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis remains the standard method against which in vitro methods must be compared. Several animal models have been developed which could potentially be used in evaluating the efficacy of candidate vaccines. Monoclonal antibodies to rotavirus immunogens are also currently available and serve as valuable reagents for in vitro quantitation of rotaviral immunogens.