Neuropsychological Impairments in the Recognition of Faces, Voices, and Personal Names
Neuropsychological Impairments in the Recognition of Faces, Voices, and Personal Names
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面部、声音和个人姓名识别方面的神经心理障碍
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
S. Schweinberger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Neuner;S. Schweinberger
为了确定面孔、声音和个人姓名识别的分离性，我们研究了36名脑损伤患者和20名对照组的表现。参与者对名人和不熟悉的人的肖像、声音样本、名字进行熟悉度判断。在这些测试中表现出明显损伤的患者中，使用相应的物体识别测试（用物体图片、环境声音或书写的常用语作为刺激）来测试这些损伤的特异性。结果显示，58%的患者在至少一项人物识别测试中明显受损。此外，28%的患者表现出的损伤似乎是针对人的（即，在相应的物体识别测试中，他们的表现得到了保留）。三名患者表现出一种缺陷，似乎仅限于对熟悉声音的识别，这是一种以前没有描述过的模式。结果普遍与面部、声音和名字识别障碍彼此可分离的假设相一致。相比之下，没有明确的证据表明面孔和声音命名缺陷之间存在分离性。结果进一步表明：(a)脑损伤后的人识别障碍可能比以前认为的更常见；(b)观察到的损伤模式可以用当前的人识别认知模型来解释（Bruce & Young, 1986; Burton, Bruce, & Johnston, 1990）。
In order to determine the dissociability of face, voice, and personal name recognition, we studied the performance of 36 brain-lesioned patients and 20 control subjects. Participants performed familiarity decisions for portraits, voice samples, and written names of celebrities and unfamiliar people. In those patients who displayed significant impairments in any of these tests, the specificity of these impairments was tested using corresponding object recognition tests (with pictures of objects, environmental sounds, or written common words as stimuli). The results showed that 58% of the patients were significantly impaired in at least one test of person recognition. Moreover, 28% of the patients showed impairments that appeared to be specific for people (i.e., performance was preserved in the corresponding object recognition test). Three patients showed a deficit that appeared to be confined to the recognition of familiar voices, a pattern that was not described previously. Results were generally consistent with the assumption that impairments in face, voice, and name recognition are dissociable from one another. In contrast, there was no clear evidence for a dissociability between deficits in face and voice naming. The results further suggest that (a) impairments in person recognition after brain lesions may be more common than was thought previously and (b) the patterns of impairment that were observed can be interpreted using current cognitive models of person recognition (Bruce & Young, 1986; Burton, Bruce, & Johnston, 1990).