Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
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DOI：
10.1080/10705510903008204
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Muthen, Bengt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asparouhov, Tihomir;Muthen, Bengt
探索性因素分析是统计学中常用的多变量分析技术。Jennrich和Sampson（1966）通过导出直接四分之一极小旋转解决了一个重要的EFA因子加载矩阵旋转问题。Jennrich也是第一个为旋转解开发标准误差的人，尽管这些标准误差还没有进入大多数统计软件程序。这可能是因为Jennrich的成就部分地被Joreskog（1969）随后发展的验证性因素分析（CFA）所掩盖。然而，CFA中零交叉负荷的严格要求往往不能很好地拟合数据，并导致依赖于广泛的模型修改来找到拟合良好的模型的趋势。在这种情况下，寻找一个合适的测量模型可以更好地进行全民教育（布朗，2001年）。此外，零载荷的错误设定通常会导致失真的因素与高估的因素相关性和随后的扭曲的结构关系。本文描述了一种EFA-SEM（ESEM）方法，其中除了CFA测量模型之外或代替CFA测量模型，可以在结构方程模型中使用具有旋转的EFA测量模型。环境SEM方法最近已在Mplus计划中实施。环境扫描电镜给出了所有常用的SEM参数的访问和加载旋转给出了一个转换的结构系数以及。得到了模型拟合的标准误差和总体检验。讨论了Geomin和Target旋转。ESEM模型的例子包括测量和结构不变性检验的多组EFA、重测（纵向）EFA、协变量和直接效应的EFA以及相关残差的EFA。讨论了EFA和CFA模型序列的测试策略。模拟和真实的数据被用来说明点。
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a frequently used multivariate analysis technique in statistics. Jennrich and Sampson (1966) solved a significant EFA factor loading matrix rotation problem by deriving the direct Quartimin rotation. Jennrich was also the first to develop standard errors for rotated solutions, although these have still not made their way into most statistical software programs. This is perhaps because Jennrich's achievements were partly overshadowed by the subsequent development of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by Joreskog (1969). The strict requirement of zero cross-loadings in CFA, however, often does not fit the data well and has led to a tendency to rely on extensive model modification to find a well-fitting model. In such cases, searching for a well-fitting measurement model may be better carried out by EFA (Browne, 2001). Furthermore, misspecification of zero loadings usually leads to distorted factors with overestimated factor correlations and subsequent distorted structural relations. This article describes an EFA-SEM (ESEM) approach, where in addition to or instead of a CFA measurement model, an EFA measurement model with rotations can be used in a structural equation model. The ESEM approach has recently been implemented in the Mplus program. ESEM gives access to all the usual SEM parameters and the loading rotation gives a transformation of structural coefficients as well. Standard errors and overall tests of model fit are obtained. Geomin and Target rotations are discussed. Examples of ESEM models include multiple-group EFA with measurement and structural invariance testing, test-retest (longitudinal) EFA, EFA with covariates and direct effects, and EFA with correlated residuals. Testing strategies with sequences of EFA and CFA models are discussed. Simulated and real data are used to illustrate the points.