Scarcity, frontiers and development
Scarcity, frontiers and development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00462.x
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Barbier, Edward B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barbier, Edward B.
资源和土地边界一直是地理学的重要焦点，但在经济学和经济史上却被忽视了。然而，全球经济发展的一个关键动力是人类社会对自然资源短缺的反应，不仅是通过保护稀缺资源，而且还通过获取和开发更多的资源。关于这种经典的边界扩张如何影响经济发展的一些理论已经形成，并对这些理论进行了讨论和回顾。引用历史证据来说明这些影响，并讨论了当代（1950年至今）资源导向型发展的含义。与以前的时代不同，边境扩张的模式是二元的。这导致了当代以边疆为基础的发展所带来的整体经济效益减少。
Resource and land frontiers have always been a significant focus of geography but have become overlooked in economics and economic history. Yet a critical driving force behind global economic development has been the response of human society to natural resource scarcity, not just through conserving scarce resources but also by obtaining and developing more of them. A handful of theories of how such classic frontier expansion has shaped economic development have been formulated, and these are discussed and reviewed. Evidence from history is cited to illustrate these effects, and the implications for resource-based development in the Contemporary Era (1950 to present) are discussed. Unlike previous eras, the pattern of frontier expansion is dualistic. This has led to less economy-wide benefits from frontier-based development in the Contemporary Era.