Healthy Subjects With Extreme Patterns of Performance Differ in Functional Network Topology and Benefits From Nicotine
Healthy Subjects With Extreme Patterns of Performance Differ in Functional Network Topology and Benefits From Nicotine
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2019.00083
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
C. Gießing;S. Ahrens;C. Thiel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Gießing;S. Ahrens;C. Thiel
注意力和执行行为具有非典型模式的受试者是否表现出不同的大脑网络拓扑结构，并对尼古丁给药产生不同的反应？促认知药物（如尼古丁）的疗效在受试者之间存在很大差异，先前的理论和经验证据表明，尼古丁对低表现受试者的行为影响更强。然而，一个问题是，如何最好地定义低性能，特别是如果几个认知功能进行评估的主题表征。我们在这里提出了一种方法，使用多变量，强大的离群值检测算法，以确定受试者的可疑模式的性能在注意力和执行功能。与单变量方法相比，该方法对多维空间内的极端位置敏感，这些位置不必是个体行为分布中的极值。该方法应用于健康的非吸烟受试者（n = 34）的数据集，其行为特征是注意力和执行功能测试，其中N = 12名志愿者被归类为离群值。然后，所有受试者都接受了静息态功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描，以确定大脑网络拓扑结构和安慰剂和尼古丁（7 mg贴片）下的实验行为范式，以衡量注意力和执行功能。我们的研究结果表明，受试者的注意力和执行功能的非典型多变量模式显示出显着差异，在休息状态下的视觉关联和前运动脑区的节点脑网络整合。大脑网络拓扑结构的这些差异显著预测了个体尼古丁对注意力处理的影响。总之，目前的方法成功地确定了一个健康志愿者亚组，他们的行为表现较低，在大脑网络拓扑结构和尼古丁的注意力益处方面存在差异。
Do subjects with atypical patterns in attentional and executive behaviour show different brain network topology and react differently towards nicotine administration? The efficacy of pro-cognitive drugs like nicotine considerably varies between subjects and previous theoretical and empirical evidence suggest stronger behavioural nicotine effects in subjects with low performance. One problem is, however, how to best define low performance, especially if several cognitive functions are assessed for subject characterisation. We here present a method that used a multivariate, robust outlier detection algorithm to identify subjects with suspicious patterns of performance in attentional and executive functioning. In contrast to univariate approaches, this method is sensitive towards extreme positions within the multidimensional space that do not have to be extreme values in the individual behavioural distributions. The method was applied to a dataset of healthy, non-smoking subjects (n = 34) who were behaviorally characterised by an attention and executive function test on which N = 12 volunteers were classified as outliers. All subjects then underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to characterise brain network topology and an experimental behavioural paradigm under placebo and nicotine (7 mg patch) that gauged aspects of attention and executive function. Our results indicate that subjects with an atypical multivariate pattern in attention and executive functioning showed significant differences in nodal brain network integration in visual association and pre-motor brain regions during resting state. These differences in brain network topology significantly predicted larger individual nicotine effects on attentional processing. In summary, the current approach successfully identified a subgroup of healthy volunteers with low behavioural performance who differ in brain network topology and attentional benefit from nicotine.