Observations of ionospheric convection from the Wallops SuperDARN radar at middle latitudes

Observations of ionospheric convection from the Wallops SuperDARN radar at middle latitudes
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中纬度地区 Wallops SuperDARN 雷达对电离层对流的观测

DOI:
10.1029/2006ja011982
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发表时间:
2007
期刊:
Space Physics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Baker J
Baker J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baker J

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在地磁暴期间,超级双极光雷达网(SuperDARN)测量电离层对流的能力受到限制,因为雷达受到吸收,极光扰动向雷达站赤道方向扩展。为了克服这些缺点,决定在美国宇航局沃洛普斯飞行设施的基础上在中纬度地区建造一个SuperDARN雷达。本文介绍了第一次全面分析多普勒测量从沃洛普斯雷达,于2005年5月开始运作。在2005年8月31日的一场地磁暴开始时,Wallops的测量结果与鹅湾雷达进行了比较:鹅湾测量了高纬度地磁活动的开始,而Wallops则监测了对流向中纬度的扩展。文中还给出了由地磁Kp指数划分的平均对流型。在弱-中等地磁活动期间(Kp≤ 3),Wallops雷达观测到磁纬50°和60°之间的电离层不规则性向西漂移,穿过大部分的夜面。当这些测量被纳入到一个平均的SuperDARN对流模式的计算,流线的极冠流出的夜面成为扭结的方式让人想起哈朗不连续。当高纬度地区的双单体对流与中纬度地区盛行的向西对流合并时,这种形态会很自然地出现。在地磁活动增加(Kp≥ 3)时,Wallops能够测量到极光电场向中纬度的扩展,SuperDARN的平均跨极冠电位增加了25%。
During geomagnetic storms the ability of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) to measure ionospheric convection becomes limited when the radars suffer from absorption and the auroral disturbance expands equatorward of the radar sites. To overcome these shortcomings, it was decided to construct a SuperDARN radar at middle latitudes on the grounds of the NASA Wallops Flight Facility. This paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of Doppler measurements from the Wallops radar, which commenced operations in May 2005. Wallops measurements are compared with the Goose Bay radar during the onset of a geomagnetic storm on 31 August 2005: Goose Bay measured the onset of geomagnetic activity at high latitude while Wallops monitored the expansion of convection to middle latitudes. Average convection patterns binned by theKpgeomagnetic index are also presented. During weak‐moderate geomagnetic activity (Kp≤ 3) the Wallops radar observes ionospheric irregularities between 50° and 60° magnetic latitude drifting westward across much of the nightside. When these measurements are incorporated into the calculation of an average SuperDARN convection pattern, the streamlines of polar cap outflow on the nightside become kinked in a manner reminiscent of the Harang discontinuity. This morphology arises quite naturally when the two‐cell convection at high latitudes merges with the prevailing westward convection at middle latitudes. During increased geomagnetic activity (Kp≥ 3), Wallops is able to measure the expansion of auroral electric fields to middle latitudes and the average SuperDARN cross‐polar cap potential is increased by 25%.
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发表时间: 2004-01-01
影响因子: 1.9
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