WWMOD? What would metal oxides do?: Redefining their applicability in today’s energy technologies
WWMOD? What would metal oxides do?: Redefining their applicability in today’s energy technologies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.001
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Laura Flannery;Heilly Gálvez;Wendy J. Nimens;A. A. Rahman-A.;Luisa Whittaker‐Brooks
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laura Flannery;Heilly Gálvez;Wendy J. Nimens;A. A. Rahman-A.;Luisa Whittaker‐Brooks
金属氧化物会有什么作用？要回答这个问题，我们必须关注金属-氧键的性质，因为它可以在离子型、高共价型和金属型之间变化。金属氧化物中经常遇到的各种不同的电子、光学和磁性能（即易获得的电子跃迁、高介电常数、宽带隙、可调的导电性和导热性）显然是由于其外层电子的独特性质。考虑到所有可能的金属氧化物组合，我们可能会发现有可能产生具有独特金属（即ReO3， RuO2, LaNiO3），半导体（即ZnO， TiO2）和绝缘（即BaTiO3， Al2O3, SiO2）性质的结构。强相关的金属氧化物也可能经历金属到绝缘体的相变（即V2O3， VO2, La1−xSrxVO3），这使我们能够进一步调整它们的电子性质。强相关的金属氧化物也可能表现出电荷密度波（即K0.3MoO3）、缺陷有序（即Ca2Mn2O5、Ca2Fe2O5）、铁磁性（即Fe3O4、CrO2、La0.5Sr0.5MnO3）和反铁磁性（即NiO、LaCrO3）的性质。由于其广泛的光学和电子活性，金属氧化物作为光学、电化学、光催化、等离子体和光伏等领域的关键成分得到了广泛的研究。了解自然产生或合成金属氧化物的结构、形态和光电子性质，为开发具有可调性能以满足特定应用效率要求的新型金属氧化物提供了途径。本文对金属氧化物纳米结构及其薄膜的合成、表征工具和应用进行了综述。我们还将讨论金属氧化物异质结构的合成、表征和应用。我们有意缩小了这篇综述的范围，只包括金属氧化物在能量转换应用中的应用。最后，我们将对金属氧化物研究和应用的前景、挑战和机遇进行公正的评估。
What would metal oxides do?: To answer this question, we will have to focus on the nature of the metal–oxygen bond as it can vary between being ionic, highly covalent, or metallic. The distinctive variety of electronic, optical, and magnetic properties (i.e., accessible electronic transitions, high dielectric constants, wide bandgaps, tunable electrical and thermal conductivities) often encountered in metal oxides are clearly due to the unique nature of their outerd-electrons. Given all conceivable metal oxide combinations, we may find that it is possible to yield structures with unique metallic (i.e., ReO3, RuO2, LaNiO3), semiconducting (i.e., ZnO, TiO2), and insulating (i.e., BaTiO3, Al2O3, SiO2) properties. Strongly correlated metal oxides may also undergo metal-to-insulator phase transitions (i.e., V2O3, VO2, La1−xSrxVO3) which allow us to further tune their electronic properties. Strongly correlated metal oxides may also demonstrate charge density wave (i.e., K0.3MoO3), defect ordering (i.e., Ca2Mn2O5, Ca2Fe2O5), ferromagnetism (i.e., Fe3O4, CrO2, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3), and antiferromagnetism (i.e., NiO, LaCrO3) properties. Given their versatile optical and electronic activity, metal oxides have been extensively investigated as key components in optics, electrochemistry, photocatalysis, plasmonics, and photovoltaics. Understanding the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of either naturally occurring or synthetically fabricated metal oxides provides a pathway for the development of novel metal oxides with properties that can be tuned to fulfill the efficiency demands of a particular application. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the synthesis, characterization tools, and applications of metal oxide nanostructures and their thin films. We will also discuss the synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal oxide heterostructures. We have wittingly narrowed the scope of this review to only include the use of metal oxides for energy conversion applications. Finally, we will provide our fair assessment on the outlook, challenges, and opportunities we foresee in metal oxides research and applications.