The UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily expressed in humans, insects and plants: Animal-plant arms-race and co-evolution
The UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily expressed in humans, insects and plants: Animal-plant arms-race and co-evolution
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.001
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Bock, Karl Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bock, Karl Walter
udp -糖基转移酶（UGTs）是所有生命王国进化出的解毒系统的主要II期酶。亲脂内源性物质，如激素和包括植物抗菌素和药物在内的外源性物质，主要由脊椎动物与葡萄糖醛酸结合，由无脊椎动物和植物与葡萄糖结合。植物与食草动物之间的军备竞赛一直是大型UGT和其他酶超家族进化的主要动力。UGT超家族由一个共同的蛋白质结构和44个氨基酸的特征序列定义，负责结合糖供体的UDP部分。植物产生了以糖苷形式储存的有毒植物抗毒素。在食草动物的攻击下，这些缀合物转化为高活性化合物。反过来，动物在肠道和肝脏中产生了大量的ugt家族，以解毒这些植物抗毒素。有趣的是，植物抗毒素，如槲皮素、葡萄糖苷酸和硫代葡萄糖苷衍生的异氰酸酯，是已知的植物中的昆虫引诱色素，也是人类的抗氧化剂、抗炎和化学预防化合物。可以预见，植物化学物质可能是有益药物的丰富来源。(C) 2015爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II enzymes of a detoxification system evolved in all kingdoms of life. Lipophilic endobiotics such as hormones and xenobiotics including phytoalexins and drugs are conjugated by vertebrates mainly with glucuronic acid, by invertebrates and plants mainly with glucose. Plant-herbivore arms-race has been the major driving force for evolution of large UGT and other enzyme superfamilies. The UGT superfamily is defined by a common protein structure and signature sequence of 44 amino acids responsible for binding the UDP moiety of the sugar donor. Plants developed toxic phytoalexins stored as glucosides. Upon herbivore attack these conjugates are converted to highly reactive compounds. In turn, animals developed large families of UGTs in their intestine and liver to detoxify these phytoalexins. Interestingly, phytoalexins, exemplified by quercetin glucuronides and glucosinolate-derived isocyanates, are known insect attractant pigments in plants, and antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive compounds of humans. It is to be anticipated that phytochemicals may provide a rich source in beneficial drugs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.