Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Methanogenic Archaea
Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Methanogenic Archaea
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DOI：
10.1128/aac.00661-12
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Schmitz, R. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bang, C.;Schilhabel, A.;Schmitz, R. A.
作为在多种粘膜组织上发现的人类本土微生物群的成员，史密斯甲烷短杆菌和 stadtmanae 甲烷球菌受到这些上皮细胞分泌的抗菌肽 (AMP) 的影响。尽管 AMP 对细菌的抗菌和分子作用已得到很好的描述，但古细菌的数据尚无。此外，尚不清楚 AMP 是否会影响它们，因为古细菌细胞包膜在化学成分和结构方面与细菌细胞膜有很大不同。使用适合其厌氧生长要求的微量滴定板测定法测试了不同合成 AMP 对 smithii、M. stadtmanae 和 Methanosarcina mazei 生长的影响。所有三种测试的甲烷古菌都对人抗菌素、猪溶素和合成抗脂多糖肽 (Lpep) 的衍生物高度敏感；然而，不同甲烷古菌菌株的敏感性存在显着差异。影响生长的有效AMP浓度低于10μM，而在相同的厌氧生长条件下，肽浓度高达10μM时，大肠杆菌WBB01的生长不受影响。原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜显示，甲烷古菌细胞的结构完整性在与 AMP 孵育后 4 小时内被破坏。使用 LIVE/DEAD 染色验证了 M. smithii、M. stadtmanae 和 M. mazei 的细胞包膜在暴露后几分钟内的破坏。我们的结果强烈表明，真核上皮细胞释放的 AMP 是一种有效的防御机制，不仅针对细菌，而且针对甲烷古菌。
As members of the indigenous human microbiota found on several mucosal tissues, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae are exposed to the effects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) secreted by these epithelia. Although antimicrobial and molecular effects of AMPs on bacteria are well described, data for archaea are not available yet. Besides, it is not clear whether AMPs affect them as the archaeal cell envelope differs profoundly in terms of chemical composition and structure from that of bacteria. The effects of different synthetic AMPs on growth of M. smithii, M. stadtmanae, and Methanosarcina mazei were tested using a microtiter plate assay adapted to their anaerobic growth requirements. All three tested methanoarchaea were highly sensitive against derivatives of human cathelicidin, of porcine lysin, and a synthetic antilipopolysaccharide peptide (Lpep); however, sensitivities differed markedly among the methanoarchaeal strains. The potent AMP concentrations affecting growth were below 10 mu M, whereas growth of Escherichia coli WBB01 was not affected at peptide concentrations up to 10 mu M under the same anaerobic growth conditions. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the structural integrity of the methanoarchaeal cells is destroyed within 4 h after incubation with AMPs. The disruption of the cell envelope of M. smithii, M. stadtmanae, and M. mazei within a few minutes of exposure was verified by using LIVE/DEAD staining. Our results strongly suggest that the release of AMPs by eukaryotic epithelial cells is a potent defense mechanism targeting not only bacteria, but also methanoarchaea.