Genetic Consequences of Biologically Altered Environments
Genetic Consequences of Biologically Altered Environments
复制标题
生物环境改变的遗传后果
DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esab047
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Donohue, Kathleen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D’Aguillo, Michelle;Hazelwood, Caleb;Quarles, Brandie;Donohue, Kathleen
生物体的可进化特征可以改变这些生物体所经历的环境。虽然很好地理解，这些改变的环境可以影响生物体所暴露的自然选择，但它们也可以影响选择下性状的遗传方差和协方差的表达。当遗传方差和协方差随着环境的变化而变化时，进化的速率和结果也会发生变化。在这里，我们讨论的基本机制，使生物体修改他们的环境，审查这些修改后的环境已被证明是如何改变遗传方差和协方差，并讨论这种动态的潜在进化后果。有了这些动力学，对选择的反应可以更迅速和持续，导致更极端的表型，或者它们可以更慢和截短，导致更保守的表型。相关选择的模式也会改变，导致性状的进化独立性或大或小，甚至导致性状的趋同或趋异，即使在不同环境中对性状的选择是一致的。发展的进化模型，包括遗传方差和协方差的变化时，环境本身的演变需要发展的方法来预测遗传参数如何响应环境，往往是多因素的环境。它还需要一个人口水平的分析，个人的集合的特点如何修改环境，为自己和/或其他人在人口中，可能在空间上明确的方式。尽管阐明这些过程的机制和细微差别存在挑战，但即使是对环境改变性状如何改变进化潜力的定性预测，也可能改善对进化结果的预测。
Evolvable traits of organisms can alter the environment those organisms experience. While it is well appreciated that those modified environments can influence natural selection to which organisms are exposed, they can also influence the expression of genetic variances and covariances of traits under selection. When genetic variance and covariance change in response to changes in the evolving, modified environment, rates and outcomes of evolution also change. Here we discuss the basic mechanisms whereby organisms modify their environments, review how those modified environments have been shown to alter genetic variance and covariance, and discuss potential evolutionary consequences of such dynamics. With these dynamics, responses to selection can be more rapid and sustained, leading to more extreme phenotypes, or they can be slower and truncated, leading to more conserved phenotypes. Patterns of correlated selection can also change, leading to greater or less evolutionary independence of traits, or even causing convergence or divergence of traits, even when selection on them is consistent across environments. Developing evolutionary models that incorporate changes in genetic variances and covariances when environments themselves evolve requires developing methods to predict how genetic parameters respond to environments—frequently multifactorial environments. It also requires a population-level analysis of how traits of collections of individuals modify environments for themselves and/or others in a population, possibly in spatially explicit ways. Despite the challenges of elucidating the mechanisms and nuances of these processes, even qualitative predictions of how environment-modifying traits alter evolutionary potential are likely to improve projections of evolutionary outcomes.