Water and nonwater-related challenges of achieving global sanitation coverage
Water and nonwater-related challenges of achieving global sanitation coverage
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DOI：
10.1021/es7025856
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发表时间：
2008-06-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Watkins, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fry, Lauren M.;Mihelcic, James R.;Watkins, David W.
改善卫生设施被认为与获得改善的饮用水对公共健康同样重要。然而，世界在应对为世界贫困人口提供卫生设施的挑战方面进展缓慢。我们分析了之前提到的卫生设施覆盖的障碍，包括投资不足、政策不完善或不存在、治理、资源太少、性别差异和水的可用性。分析包括调查上述障碍指标与卫生设施覆盖率之间的相关性，指标本身之间的相关性，以及在六种卫生技术选择情景下卫生技术对全球水资源的潜在影响的地理空间评估。研究发现，这些挑战是卫生设施覆盖的重大障碍，但供水并不是全球范围内的主要障碍。然而，在0.5度网格尺度上的分析表明，根据所选择的卫生技术，水的可用性是多达4600万人的重要障碍。这些人中的大多数是城市居民，他们居住的国家的水质已经很差，而且由于大量人口的污水排放，水质可能会进一步恶化。水质尤其重要，因为这些脆弱人口主要居住在依赖与鱼类消费有关的环境收入的地区。
Improved sanitation is considered equally important for public health as is access to improved drinking water. However, the world has been slower to meet the challenge of sanitation provision for the world's poor. We analyze previously cited barriers to sanitation coverage including inadequate investment, poor or nonexistent policies, governance, too few resources, gender disparities, and water availability. Analysis includes investigation of correlation between indicators of the mentioned barriers and sanitation coverage, correlations among the indicators themselves, and a geospatial assessment of the potential impacts of sanitation technology on global water resources under six scenarios of sanitation technology choice. The challenges studied were found to be significant barriers to sanitation coverage, but water availability was not a primary obstacle at a global scale. Analysis at a 0.5 degrees grid scale shows, however, that water availability is an important barrier to as many as 46 million people, depending on the sanitation technology selected. The majority of these people are urban dwellers in countries where water quality is already poor and may be further degraded by sewering vast populations. Water quality is especially important because this vulnerable population primarily resides in locations that depend on environmental income associated with fish consumption.