The molecular genetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and other mesophilic, acidophilic, chemolithotrophic, iron- or sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
The molecular genetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and other mesophilic, acidophilic, chemolithotrophic, iron- or sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
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DOI：
10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00182-1
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Rawlings, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rawlings, DE
主要负责在40摄氏度或以下的温度下分解金属硫化物矿石和精矿的细菌已被鉴定为氧化亚铁硫杆菌、氧化亚铁细杆菌（或相关的细杆菌属）。T. thiooxidans和最近的T.卡尔杜斯。这些专性嗜酸、自养、通常需氧、铁或硫氧化的化能无机营养细菌占据了一个生态位，该生态位主要是无机的，并且与更常研究的非嗜酸异养细菌的种群非常不同。人们特别感兴趣的是发现这些“生物采矿”细菌如何与微生物世界的其他部分遗传相关。基于16S rRNA序列数据，硫杆菌已被置于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）分区中，靠近β和γ亚分区之间的交界处。相比之下，leptoatrilli已经被定位在一个相对较新的被称为硝基螺菌集团的部门。T. ferrooxidans是唯一一种分子生物学已被详细研究的生物采矿细菌。在克隆或测序并发表的大约50个基因中，到目前为止，可以测试的大多数基因在大肠杆菌（变形菌门的γ亚门的成员）中表达并产生功能性蛋白质。这些观察结果与大多数T. ferrooxidans蛋白质序列证实了T. ferrooxidans和E.杆菌一个特殊的挑战是分离铁氧化系统的各个组成部分，由于全球的努力，这几乎已经完成。从T.氧化亚铁这些遗传元件是令人感兴趣的，因为它们可能含有被认为改善细菌适应性的非必需基因，并且经常是移动的。他们对T. ferrooxidans和其他细菌。有明确的迹象表明，其他一些“生物采矿”细菌甚至比T。在许多商业生物采矿过程中，这些细菌的分子生物学几乎未被研究过。(C)2001 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
The bacteria primarily responsible for decomposing metal sulfide ores and concentrates at temperatures of 40 degreesC or below have been identified as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans (or related Leptospirillum spp.) T. thiooxidans and recently, T. caldus. These obligately acidophilic, autotrophic, usually aerobic, iron- or sulfur-oxidizing chemolithotrophic bacteria occupy an ecological niche that is largely inorganic and very different from that populated by the more commonly studied non-acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria. It has been of particular interest to discover how these 'biomining' bacteria are phylogenetically related to the rest of the microbial world. Based on 16S rRNA sequence data, the thiobacilli have been placed in the Proteobacteria division close to the Junction between the beta and gamma sub-divisions. In contrast, the leptospirilli have been positioned within a relatively recently recognised division called the Nitrospira group. T. ferrooxidans is the only biomining bacterium whose molecular biology has been studied in some detail. Of the approximately 50 genes cloned or sequenced and published, by far the majority that can be tested are expressed and produce proteins which are functional in Escherichia coli (a member of the gamma sub-division of Proteobacteria). These observations together with phylogenetic comparisons of most T. ferrooxidans protein sequences have confirmed the unexpectedly close relationship between T. ferrooxidans and E. coli. A special challenge has been the isolation of the various components of the iron-oxidation system and as a result of a global effort, this is almost complete. Several plasmids, transposons and insertion sequences have been isolated from T. ferrooxidans. These genetic elements are interesting because they may contain non-essential genes which are thought to improve the fitness of the bacterium and are frequently mobile. They have provided some fascinating insights into genetic exchanges that have occurred between T. ferrooxidans and other bacteria. There are clear indications that some of the other 'biomining' bacteria are even more important than T. ferrooxidans in many commercial biomining processes. The molecular biology of these bacteria is almost unstudied. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.