On the Possibility of an Inverse Relationship between Tax Rates and Government Revenues
On the Possibility of an Inverse Relationship between Tax Rates and Government Revenues
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论税率与政府收入之间存在反比关系的可能性
DOI：
10.1016/0047-2727(82)90049-4
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Fullerton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Fullerton
当阿瑟·拉弗（Arthur Laffer）和其他“供给方倡导者”将总税收收入绘制为特定税率的函数时，他们绘制了一个向上倾斜的部分（称为正常范围），然后绘制了一个向下倾斜的部分（称为禁止范围）。一项简短的文献综述表明，理论和实证模型中税率处于禁止范围是特别高的税率、高弹性参数或两者兼而有之的结果。例如，使总收入最大化的劳动税率将取决于假设的劳动力供给弹性。本文引入了一条新曲线，总结了导致收入最大化的税率和弹性组合，将“正常区域”与“禁止区域”分开。使用通用的美国经验一般均衡模型来绘制几种弹性的拉弗曲线，并使用劳动税示例绘制新引入的曲线。结果表明，美国可能处于禁止区域，但税收楔子或劳动力供应弹性必须远高于大多数估计的水平。
When Arthur Laffer and other ‘supply side advocates’ plot total tax revenue as a function of a particular tax rate, they draw an upward-sloping segment called the normal range, followed by a downward-sloping segment called the prohibitive range. A brief literature review indicates that tax rates on the prohibitive range in theoretical and empirical models have been the result of particularly high tax rates, high elasticity parameters, or both. The labor tax rate which maximizes total revenue, for example, will depend on the assumed labor supply elasticity. This paper introduces a new curve which summarizes the tax rate and elasticity combinations that result in maximum revenues, separating the ‘normal area’ from the ‘prohibitive area’. A general- purpose empirical U.S. general equilibrium model is used to plot the Laffer curve for several elasticities, and to plot the newly introduced curve using the labor tax example. Results indicate that the U.S. could conceivably be operating in the prohibitive area, but that the tax wedge or labor supply elasticity would have to be much higher than most estimates would suggest.