Crystallization kinetics of atomic crystals revealed by a single-shot and single-particle X-ray diffraction experiment

Crystallization kinetics of atomic crystals revealed by a single-shot and single-particle X-ray diffraction experiment
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单次和单粒子 X 射线衍射实验揭示原子晶体的结晶动力学

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2111747118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nagaya Kiyonobu他
Nagaya Kiyonobu他
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Niozu Akinobu;Owada Shigeki;Tono Kensuke;Kameshima Takashi;Joti Yasumasa;Katayama Tetsuo;Togashi Tadashi;Yabashi Makina;Matsuda Kazuhiro;Bostedt Christoph;Ueda Kiyoshi;Nagaya Kiyonobu他

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结晶是材料科学中一种基本的自然现象,也是新材料设计中普遍存在的物理过程。迄今为止,对结晶过程结构动力学的实验观察大多局限于慢动力学。我们在这里提出了一种独特的方法来探索在高度控制的条件下(即,在没有杂质作为晶体种子的情况下)在真空中发生的结晶动力学。利用10-fs x射线自由电子激光(XFEL)脉冲x射线衍射实验,测量了膨胀过冷Xe射流中固体Xe纳米颗粒成核的早期形成阶段。我们发现Xe纳米颗粒的结构不是预期的纯面心立方(fcc)稳定相,而是fcc和随机堆叠的六方密排(rhcp)结构的混合物。此外,我们在单个Xe纳米颗粒中发现了相当大小的fcc和rhcp结构域的瞬时共存。这一现象可以用结构时效来解释,即纳米颗粒最初在高度无序的rhcp相中结晶,随后结构形成稳定的fcc相。这一结果与在硬球体系中的类似观察结果相似,表明叠层无序相在成核中的普遍作用。
Crystallization is a fundamental natural phenomenon and the ubiquitous physical process in materials science for the design of new materials. So far, experimental observations of the structural dynamics in crystallization have been mostly restricted to slow dynamics. We present here an exclusive way to explore the dynamics of crystallization in highly controlled conditions (i.e., in the absence of impurities acting as seeds of the crystallites) as it occurs in vacuum. We have measured the early formation stage of solid Xe nanoparticles nucleated in an expanding supercooled Xe jet by means of an X-ray diffraction experiment with 10-fs X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. We found that the structure of Xe nanoparticles is not pure face-centered cubic (fcc), the expected stable phase, but a mixture of fcc and randomly stacked hexagonal close-packed (rhcp) structures. Furthermore, we identified the instantaneous coexistence of the comparably sized fcc and rhcp domains in single Xe nanoparticles. The observations are explained by the scenario of structural aging, in which the nanoparticles initially crystallize in the highly stacking-disordered rhcp phase and the structure later forms the stable fcc phase. The results are reminiscent of analogous observations in hard-sphere systems, indicating the universal role of the stacking-disordered phase in nucleation.
重稀有气体固体在熔线上的晶体稳定性。
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.2988
发表时间: 1993
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影响因子: --
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发表时间: 2005-12-01
期刊: EUROPHYSICS LETTERS
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影响因子: 8.6
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2002
期刊: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
影响因子: --
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V. C. Martelozzo;A. Schofield;W. Poon;P. Pusey
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DOI: 10.1063/1.480923
发表时间: 2000
影响因子: 4.4
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