Transitional habitability: Solutions for post-catastrophe in Chile
Transitional habitability: Solutions for post-catastrophe in Chile
复制标题
过渡性宜居性：智利灾后解决方案
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.06.007
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Robert Moris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Wagemann;Robert Moris
智利经常面临地震、洪水、泥石流、火山爆发和火灾等灾害，特别影响到脆弱社区。尽管积累了经验，但应急、恢复和重建进程之间仍然存在脱节的情况。因此，在从应急住房到永久住房的过程中，每个阶段都有不同和不协调的住房解决方案，导致交付低于标准，对建筑环境产生不利影响，并重复费用和时间。本文件是根据公共、私人、学术界和非政府组织行为者之间的一项合作倡议编写的，目的是根据环球项目、难民署和加勒比共同体管理委员会小组的建议，反映、分析和改进智利社区目前可用的替代住房。本文反思了“过渡性可居住性”的概念，提出了一个“灾后多样化解决方案矩阵”（MDSP），根据不同的需求确定了避难所的类型，并提出了两种避难所选择方案：将体育中心重新转换为集体避难所的建议;以及在2014年影响该国的水文气象事件后采用了改进的应急住房标准。最后，本文对这些项目进行了反思，并提出了一些建议，供今后考虑住房替代方案。
Chile faces disasters regularly as the result of earthquakes, floods, mudslides, volcanic eruptions and fires that specially affect vulnerable communities. Despite the accumulated experience, there are still disconnections between the emergency, recovery and reconstruction processes. Consequently, there are different and uncoordinated shelter solutions for each of the stages in the process from emergency shelter to permanent housing, resulting in sub-standard delivery, negatively affecting the built environment, and duplicating costs and time. This paper is based on a collaborative initiative between public, private, academia and NGO actors, with the objective of reflecting, analysing and improving the shelter alternatives currently available for Chilean communities, based on recommendations from the Sphere Project, UNHCR and the CCCM Cluster. The article reflects on the concept of “transitional habitability”, proposes a “Matrix of Diversified Solutions for Post-Catastrophe (MDSP)” that identifies types of shelter according to different requirements, and presents two shelter alternatives: a proposal for the reconversion of sports centres into collective shelters; and the use of an improved standard for emergency houses after a hydro-meteorological event that affected the country in 2014. Finally, the paper reflects on these projects and provides some recommendations to consider for future shelter alternatives.