Mechanisms of chromium-induced toxicity
Mechanisms of chromium-induced toxicity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cotox.2019.05.003
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Costa, Max
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DesMarias, Thomas Liborio;Costa, Max
铬是一种普遍存在的环境污染物，因其毒性而具有重要意义。六价铬是一种分类为1类的致癌物，它通过多种复杂的机制触发癌症的发展。氧化应激水平的增加、染色体断裂和DNA加合物的形成是铬(VI)导致细胞损伤的一些主要机制。三价铬是另一种铬，被描述为非必需金属，用于营养补充。关于营养益处的证据相互矛盾，这可能表明人类仅从饮食中就吸收了足够的铬(III)，没有必要额外补充。本文从化学和毒理学的角度强调了铬(VI)与铬(III)的区别，指出了铬(III)营养研究中的不足，并解释了铬(VI)参与致癌过程的多种机制。
Chromium is a pervasive environmental contaminant that is of great importance because of its toxicity. Hexavalent chromium is a classified group 1 carcinogen with multiple complex mechanisms by which it triggers cancer development. Increased levels of oxidative stress, chromosome breaks, and DNA adduct formation are some of the major mechanisms by which Cr(VI) causes cellular damage. Trivalent chromium is another species of chromium that is described as a nonessential metal and is used in nutritional supplementation. Evidence on nutritional benefit is conflicting, which could suggest that humans absorb enough Cr(III) from diet alone and that extra supplementation is not necessary. This review highlights the differences between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from a chemical and toxicological perspective, describes shortcomings in nutritional research of Cr(III), and explains the multiple mechanisms by which Cr(VI) is involved in the process of carcinogenesis.