GENETICS AND METABOLISM IN NEUROSPORA
GENETICS AND METABOLISM IN NEUROSPORA
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DOI：
10.1152/physrev.1945.25.4.643
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发表时间：
1945-01-01
影响因子：
33.6
通讯作者：
BEADLE, GW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEADLE, GW
通过观察某些实验诱导的突变所导致的代谢缺陷，已经证明了真菌脉孢菌进行的许多生化合成是由特定基因控制的。作者描述了脉孢菌属的历史、生命周期和培养方法及其遗传行为，这对于此类研究特别有利。两个物种（粗糙猪笼草和嗜地猪笼草）是异宗合的，即存在两种性别的菌株。出口。程序是将一种菌株的一种有性元素暴露于X射线、γ射线或中子，用其“受精”来自另一菌株的相反类型的性元素，并在各种基本培养基上培养由该合子产生的单倍体孢子，以检测合成能力的缺陷。如此发现的缺陷包括失去合成精氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、某些维生素和其他物质的能力。此类突变菌株可作为生物测定的手段，灵敏度高，但适用性有限。讨论了基因作用的可能机制和进化意义。
That many biochemical syntheses performed by a fungus, Neurospora, are governed by specific genes has been shown by observing the deficient metabolism that ensues upon certain experimentally induced mutations. The author describes the history, life cycle, and methods of culture, of the genus Neurospora, and its genetic behavior, which is especially advantageous for such studies. Two species (N. crassa and N. sitophila) are heterothallic, i.e., strains of 2 sexes exist. The exptl. procedure is to expose one kind of sexual element from one strain to x-rays, [gamma]-rays, or neutrons, "fertilize" with it the opposite kind of sexual element from the other strain, and culture the haploid spores resulting from this zygote upon various minimal media to detect deficiencies in synthesizing ability. Defects so discovered include loss of power to synthesize arginine, tryptophane, lysine, leucine, valine, methionine, proline, certain vitamins, and other substances. Such mutant strains can be used as a means of bio-assay, highly sensitive, but limited in applicability. Possible mechanisms of gene action and the evolutionary implications are discussed.