Safety assessment in macaques of light exposures for functional two-photon ophthalmoscopy in humans
Safety assessment in macaques of light exposures for functional two-photon ophthalmoscopy in humans
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DOI：
10.1364/boe.7.005148
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hunter, Jennifer J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwarz, Christina;Sharma, Robin;Hunter, Jennifer J.
双光子眼底镜具有在体评估正常和病变视网膜功能的潜力。然而，通常使用的低于100飞秒的激光器的光安全是一个主要问题，安全标准还没有很好地建立。为了测试安全的人体感光细胞双光子激发荧光(TPEF)成像的可行性，我们用各种临床和高分辨率成像方法研究了超短脉冲光对猕猴的影响和所需的光水平。在现有安全标准内，唯一显示暴露在脉冲光下的显著影响的指标是红外自发荧光(IRAF)强度。对于任何曝光，其他成像技术都没有检测到其他结构或功能变化。在适应光学图像中，光感受器和视网膜色素上皮正常。未检测到重复暴露对TPEF时间进程的影响，表明视觉循环功能保持不变。如果IRAF的减少是危险的，那么它是将双光子视网膜成像应用于人类的唯一障碍。到目前为止，还没有检测到减少IRAF的有害影响。(C)2016年度美国光学学会
Two-photon ophthalmoscopy has potential for in vivo assessment of function of normal and diseased retina. However, light safety of the sub-100 fs laser typically used is a major concern and safety standards are not well established. To test the feasibility of safe in vivo two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of photoreceptors in humans, we examined the effects of ultrashort pulsed light and the required light levels with a variety of clinical and high resolution imaging methods in macaques. The only measure that revealed a significant effect due to exposure to pulsed light within existing safety standards was infrared autofluorescence (IRAF) intensity. No other structural or functional alterations were detected by other imaging techniques for any of the exposures. Photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium appeared normal in adaptive optics images. No effect of repeated exposures on TPEF time course was detected, suggesting that visual cycle function was maintained. If IRAF reduction is hazardous, it is the only hurdle to applying two-photon retinal imaging in humans. To date, no harmful effects of IRAF reduction have been detected. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America