Epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）的流行病学。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036277
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
J. Curran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Peterman;D. Drotman;J. Curran
本文对艾滋病的流行病学进行了综述，重点介绍了艾滋病病毒、免疫学、临床表现、监测、流行病学研究和预防。虽然没有任何治疗方法能够扭转艾滋病免疫缺陷的特点，但流行病学研究已经确定了这种病毒的传播途径，从而提出了预防战略。美国报告的艾滋病病例数量正在迅速增加。前1000例是在17个月内报告的，接下来的2000例是在12个月内累积的，另外3000例是在11个月内记录的。5组患者占所有艾滋病病例的93%：男同性恋者和双性恋者(73%)、静脉吸毒者(17%)、血友病患者(1%)、这些群体的性接触者(1%)和输血接受者(1%)。机会性感染和癌症在不同的风险群体中并不平均分布，这导致了人们的猜测，即巨细胞病毒感染或暴露于硝酸盐吸入剂等辅助因素可能会使艾滋病患者容易患上卡波西氏肉瘤。流行病学对了解和控制艾滋病作出了重大贡献。此外，艾滋病研究对流行病学领域作出了贡献，指出需要急慢性疾病流行病学家的共同努力以及与其他专业的协调。对艾滋病的研究还指出，有必要对同性恋者、静脉药物滥用者、血友病患者和输血接受者的健康问题进行进一步的流行病学研究。
This review of the epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) focuses on the AIDS virus, immunology, clinical manifestations, surveillance, epidemiologic studies, and prevention. Although no treatment has been able to reverse the immunodeficiency characteristic of AIDS, epidemiologic studies have identified the routes of transmission of this virus and thus suggest strategies for prevention. The number of reported cases of AIDS in the US is increasing rapidly. The 1st 1000 cases were reported over 17 months, the next 2000 were accumulated over 12 months, and an additional 3000 were recorded in only 11 months. 5 groups of patients account for 93% of all AIDS cases: homosexual and bisexual men (73%), intravenous drug abusers (17%), hemophiliacs (1%), sexual contacts of these groups (1%), and transfusion recipients (1%). Opportunistic infections and cancers are not equally distributed among the different risk groups, leading to speculation that a cofactor such as cytomegalovirus infection or exposure to nitrate inhalants may predispose individuals with AIDS to develop Kaposi's sarcoma, for example. Epidemiology has contributed significantly to the understanding and control of AIDS. In addition, AIDS research has contributed to the field of epidemiology, pointing to the need for combined efforts of acute and chronic disease epidemiologists as well as coordination with other specialties. Studies of AIDS have also pointed to the need for further epidemiologic research on the health problems of homosexual men, intravenous drug abusere, hemophiliacs, and transfusion recipients.