Fishing for Prawn Larvae in Bangladesh: An Important Coastal Livelihood Causing Negative Effects on the Environment
Fishing for Prawn Larvae in Bangladesh: An Important Coastal Livelihood Causing Negative Effects on the Environment
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DOI：
10.1007/s13280-009-0002-y
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Troell, Max
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmed, Nesar;Troell, Max
孟加拉国的淡水对虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergium）养殖在很大程度上依赖于野生幼体的供应。虽然该国有81个淡水对虾孵化场，但缺乏技术知识、熟练人力不足和野生幼虾供应不足限制了孵化场的生产。包括妇女在内的数千名沿海穷人每年有几个月在沿海沿着捕捞野生虾苗。平均而言，这些人每年总收入的40%来自虾苗捕捞活动。然而，不加区别地捕捞野生幼鱼，造成幼鱼和甲壳类的大量副渔获物，可能对沿海生态系统的生产和生物多样性产生不利影响。这一关切促使对幼虫收集施加限制。然而，由于孵化场饲养的幼鱼数量有限，从事幼鱼捕捞的人缺乏替代生计，以及执法力量薄弱，该禁令没有得到坚决执行。本文讨论了对虾幼体捕捞的环境和社会后果，并得出结论认为，通过提高鱼苗渔民的认识，改进捕捞技术（减少误捕死亡率），提高鱼苗在市场链中的生存率，考虑到误捕的潜在负面影响，暂时禁止可能是一种谨慎的措施。然而，它也表明，需要进行更多的研究，以了解幼鱼捕捞对非目标生物和目标物种种群的影响。
Freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Bangladesh has, to a large extent, been dependent on the supply of wild larvae. Although there are 81 freshwater prawn hatcheries in the country, a lack of technical knowledge, inadequate skilled manpower, and an insufficient supply of wild broods have limited hatchery production. Many thousands of coastal poor people, including women, are engaged in fishing for wild prawn larvae along the coastline during a few months each year. On average, 40% of the total yearly income for these people comes from prawn larvae fishing activity. However, indiscriminate fishing of wild larvae, with high levels of bycatch of juvenile fish and crustaceans, may impact negatively on production and biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. This concern has provoked the imposition of restrictions on larvae collection. The ban has, however, not been firmly enforced because of the limited availability of hatchery-raised larvae, the lack of an alternative livelihood for people involved in larvae fishing, and weak enforcement power. This article discusses the environmental and social consequences of prawn larvae fishing and concludes that, by increasing awareness among fry fishers, improving fishing techniques ( reducing bycatch mortality), and improving the survival of fry in the market chain, a temporal ban may be a prudent measure when considering the potential negative impacts of bycatch. However, it also suggests that more research is needed to find out about the impact of larvae fishing on nontarget organisms and on the populations of targeted species.