Understanding the role of opinion leaders in improving clinical effectiveness
Understanding the role of opinion leaders in improving clinical effectiveness
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00387-7
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gabbay, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Locock, L;Dopson, S;Gabbay, J
我们目前的调查结果从两个政府资助的举措，探索研究证据转移到临床实践的评估-PACE计划（促进临床有效性的行动），和威尔士临床有效性倡议国家示范项目。我们在现有的研究证据的背景下，从医疗保健和其他设置的意见领袖或产品冠军在创新和变革中的作用-证据留下了一些问题和未回答的问题。一个主要的问题是，很难对意见领袖是什么和他们做什么进行单一的可复制的描述--对他们角色的主观理解因环境而异，我们确定了一系列非常不同的意见领袖类型。使一个人成为可信和有影响力的权威的因素，不仅来自于他们自己的个性和技能以及他们与其他人的关系，而且来自于其他特定背景的因素。我们研究专家与同行意见领袖的问题，以及这些不同类别在创新过程的不同阶段或多或少具有影响力的潜力。一个经常被忽视的领域是对创新持矛盾或敌对态度的意见领袖的影响。最后，我们注意到，人们对个别舆论领袖与谈判变革和调整专业规范的集体进程之间的互动仍然知之甚少。这引起了一些方法上的问题，需要在这一领域的进一步研究中加以考虑。(C)2001爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
We present findings from evaluations of two government-funded initiatives exploring the transfer of research evidence into clinical practice - the PACE Programme (Promoting Action on Clinical Effectiveness), and the Welsh Clinical Effectiveness Initiative National Demonstration Projects. We situate the findings within the context of available research evidence from healthcare and other settings on the role of opinion leaders or product champions in innovation and change - evidence which leaves a number of problems and unanswered questions. A major concern is the difficulty of achieving a single replicable description of what opinion leaders are and what they do - subjective understandings of their role differ from one setting to another, and we identify a range of very different types of opinion leadership. What makes someone a credible and influential authority is derived not just from their own personality and skills and the dynamic of their relationship with other individuals, but also from other context-specific factors. We examine the question of expert versus peer opinion leaders, and the potential for these different categories to be more or less influential at different stages in the innovation process. An often neglected area is the impact of opinion leaders who are ambivalent or hostile to an innovation. Finally, we note that the interaction between individual opinion leaders and the collective process of negotiating a change and reorienting professional norms remains poorly understood. This raises a number of methodological concerns which need to be considered in further research in this area. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.