Migration to London and the development of the north-south divide, 1851-1911
Migration to London and the development of the north-south divide, 1851-1911
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DOI：
10.1080/03071022.2019.1545361
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发表时间：
2019-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Day, Joe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schurer, K.;Day, Joe
这篇文章使用了英格兰和威尔士1851-1911年间的人口普查数据，以提供对伦敦移民模式的新见解。它考察了几个相关的主题，包括移民在这一时期伦敦增长中所起的作用，年龄和性别差异以及旅行距离。通过计算净移民率，这篇文章表明，在30岁以后，在伦敦以外出生的人中，离开首都的人数多于来到伦敦的人数，但随着时间的推移，移民人口中保留的比例越来越大。家庭移民的比例在这段时间内波动，但与其他人相比，他们倾向于更短的距离，随着郊区化的推移，这一特征会增加。关于移民的地理来源，伦敦吸引了来自整个英格兰和威尔士的移民。然而，数据表明，随着时间的推移，移民的性别比例变得更加均匀，1851年可以看到的明显的男性主导的移民到1911年消失了。最后，文章从出发点而不是目的地的角度来研究移民，而不是传统上的情况。这揭示了一种独特的区域地理，表明今天的南北鸿沟在1851年就已经很明显了，并随着时间的推移变得越来越明显。
This article uses census data for England and Wales covering the period 1851-1911 to provide new insights into patterns of migration to London. It examines several related themes including the role migration played in London's growth during this period, age and gender differentials and distance travelled. Calculating net migration rates, the article demonstrates that after age 30, of those born outside of London, more left the Capital than came, yet over time an increasing proportion of the migrant population was retained. The proportion of family migrants fluctuated over the period, yet compared to others tended to travel shorter distances, a feature which increased over time with suburbanization. Turning to the geographical origins of migrants, London drew migrants from across the entirety of England and Wales. However, the data suggest that the migrant sex ratio became more homogeneous over time, with distinct pockets of male dominated migration that were visible in 1851 disappearing by 1911. Lastly, the article investigates migration from the perspective of place of departure rather than destination, as is traditionally the case. This reveals a distinct regional geography, suggesting that the present-day north-south divide was already evident in 1851, and became increasingly distinct over time.