Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock
Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock
复制标题
美国住宅和商业建筑存量中与窗户相关的能源消耗
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Arasteh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Apte;D. Arasteh
joshua Apte和Dariush Arasteh，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室LBNL-60146摘要我们提出了一个简单的基于电子表格的工具来估计美国与窗户相关的能源消耗。根据现有数据，我们估计每年窗户消耗的加热能源为2.15千万亿英热单位（Quads），冷却能源消耗为1.48 Quads。我们对当前窗口销售的平均u因子和SHGC进行了估计。我们估计，用这些产品完全替换已安装的窗户库存将节省大约1.2四分之一的能源。我们证明，未来的窗户技术可提供高达3.9 Quads的节能潜力。根据美国能源部的数据，2003年住宅和商业建筑的空间调节负责9.19千万亿Btu （Quads）的现场能源消耗，12.03 Quads的主要（来源）消耗（美国能源部能源效率和可再生能源办公室2005年）。虽然窗户通常被认为是空间调节能源消耗的重要驱动因素，但很少有研究在国家层面上直接调查窗户的能源影响。在这项研究中，我们介绍了一个简单的基于电子表格的工具来估计住宅和商业建筑窗户的能源影响。在介绍了目前美国建筑中与窗户相关的能源消耗的估计之后，我们讨论了各种技术方案的节能潜力。方法与结果本节分为两小节。在第一部分中，我们描述了估算美国建筑存量与窗户相关的能耗所涉及的技术和假设。在第二部分中，我们描述了我们用来估计各种窗户技术的节能潜力的过程。为了估计美国窗存量的能源消耗，我们使用了自上而下和自下而上的方法相结合的方法。首先，我们按部门（住宅、商业）和调节模式（供暖、制冷）分类，编制了一组美国建筑总空间调节能耗的估计数据。其次，对于这四种汇总的最终用途类别，我们将建筑能源模拟与市场和调查数据相结合，以估计可归因于窗户的总能源消耗的比例。然后，我们通过将空间调节总能耗乘以与窗户相关的部分来估计每个终端使用类别的与窗户相关的空间调节能耗
Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential and Commercial Building Stock J oshua Apte and Dariush Arasteh, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL-60146 Abstract We present a simple spreadsheet-based tool for estimating window-related energy consumption in the United States. Using available data on the properties of the installed US window stock, we estimate that windows are responsible for 2.15 quadrillion Btu (Quads) of heating energy consumption and 1.48 Quads of cooling energy consumption annually. We develop estimates of average U-factor and SHGC for current window sales. We estimate that a complete replacement of the installed window stock with these products would result in energy savings of approximately 1.2 quads. We demonstrate that future window technologies offer energy savings potentials of up to 3.9 Quads. Introduction According to the US Department of Energy, in 2003 space conditioning in residential and commercial buildings was responsible for 9.19 quadrillion Btu (Quads) of site energy consumption, and 12.03 Quads of primary (source) consumption (US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 2005). Although windows are generally understood to be an important driver of space conditioning energy consumption, few studies have directly investigated the energy impacts of windows at the national level. In this study, we introduce a simple spreadsheet-based tool for estimating the national energy impacts of windows in residential and commercial buildings. After presenting estimates of current window-related energy consumption in the US building stock, we discuss the energy savings potential of various technology scenarios. Methods and Results This section is divided into two sub-sections. In the first section, we describe the techniques and assumptions involved in estimating the window-related energy consumption of the US building stock. In the second section, we describe the process we used to estimate the energy-savings potential of various window technologies. Window-Related Energy Consumption of Building Stock General Approach In order to estimate the energy consumption attributable to the US window stock, we used a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. First, we compiled a set of estimates of total space conditioning energy consumption in the US building stock, broken down by sector (residential, commercial) and conditioning mode (heating, cooling). Second, for each of these four aggregated end use categories, we combined building energy simulations with market and survey data to estimate the fraction of total energy consumption attributable to windows. We then estimated the window-related space conditioning energy consumption for each end use category by multiplying total space conditioning energy consumption by the window-related fraction of that