QUESTION-EMBEDDING AND FACTIVITY
QUESTION-EMBEDDING AND FACTIVITY
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问题嵌入和活动
DOI：
10.1163/18756735-90000845
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Égré
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Égré
态度动词根据它们可以嵌入的补语类型分为不同的类别。在英语中，像“知道”这样的动词既可以做陈述性补语，也可以做疑问性补语。相比之下，“相信”仅采用陈述性补语，而“惊奇”仅采用疑问性补语。本文检验了 Hintikka 1975 年最初提出的假设，即唯一可以同时使用 that 补语和 if 补语的动词是事实动词。我认为至少有一半的假设在经验上是正确的，即所有采用 that 补足语的真实态度动词都采用 if 补足语。我区分真实动词和事实动词，并提出一种推导概括的方法。讨论了事实性假设两个方向的反例，特别是像遗憾这样的情感性事实性动词的情况，以及允许是否补足的非真实性动词的情况，特别是告诉、猜测、决定和同意。一路上讨论了替代性的解释，特别是 Zuber (1982)、Ginzburg (1995) 和 Saebo (2006)。
Attitude verbs fall in different categories depending on the kind of complements which they can embed. In English, a verb like know takes both declarative and interrogative complements. By contrast, believe takes only declarative complements and wonder takes only interrogative complements. The present paper examines the hypothesis, originally put forward by Hintikka 1975, that the only verbs that can take both that-complements and whether-complements are the factive verbs. I argue that at least one half of the hypothesis is empirically correct, namely that all veridical attitude verbs taking that-complements take whether-complements. I distinguish veridical verbs from factive verbs, and present one way of deriving the generalization. Counterexamples to both directions of the factivity hypothesis are discussed, in particular the case of emotive factive verbs like regret, and the case of nonveridical verbs that licence whether-complements, in particular tell, guess, decide and agree. Alternative accounts are discussed along the way, in particular Zuber (1982), Ginzburg (1995) and Saebo (2006).