Forest-grassland biodiversity hotspot under siege: land conversion counteracts nature conservation
Forest-grassland biodiversity hotspot under siege: land conversion counteracts nature conservation
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DOI：
10.1002/ehs2.1224
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hasenack, Heinrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermann, Julia-Maria;Lang, Marion;Hasenack, Heinrich
我们报告的程度和速度的土地利用/土地覆盖变化的森林草原镶嵌的南里奥格兰德，巴西，在最近一段时间内，越来越多的冲突之间的原生栖息地保护和转换。该地区是大西洋雨林生物群落的一部分，是全球生物多样性热点。分析Landsat和Google Earth图像，并计算有效的保护风险指数（ECRI）转换为剩余面积的比率，我们特别比较了指定的完全保护区（FP-PAs）和可持续利用区（SU-PAs）在防止转换原生森林和草原栖息地用于农业和造林方面的有效性，相对于外部地区。整个地区的草地面积减少了17%，相当于净损失59，671公顷。森林收益超过损失，在全面保护保护区内，ECRI为零。在整个研究区域，非本土树木种植园面积增加了94%;农田增加了7%。在指定保护区之外，主要是造林业转产，而在指定保护区之内，主要是农业转产。草地的ECRI普遍高于森林，在SU-PA中，草地ECRI比没有任何保护地位的地区高出数倍。这些事态发展与巴西保护区制度和国际自然及自然资源保护联盟相应类别的高标准形成鲜明对比。这是由于土地转换的正规化和指定保护区的建立旷日持久。此外，它们揭示了严格保护区内以前管理的草原最终被森林取代的困境，以及对“可持续发展”一词作广义解释的危险。
We report extent and rate of land use/land cover change in a forest-grassland mosaic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during a recent period of increasing conflicts between native habitat protection and conversion. The area is part of the Atlantic rain forest biome, a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. Analyzing Landsat and Google Earth imagery, and calculating an effective conservation risk index (ECRI) as ratio of converted to remnant area, we specifically compared the effectiveness of designated fully protected areas (FP-PAs) and Sustainable Use areas (SU-PAs) in preventing conversion of native forest and grassland habitats for agri- and silviculture, relative to areas outside. Grassland area decreased by 17%, corresponding to a net loss of 59,671 ha, in the entire area. Forest gains exceeded losses, and ECRI was zero inside Full Protection PAs. Non-native tree plantation area increased by 94% over the entire study area; cropland increased by 7%. Conversion for silviculture predominated outside the designated PAs and conversion for agriculture predominated inside the designated PAs. ECRI was generally higher for grassland than forest, and in SU-PAs, grassland ECRI was several times higher than in areas without any protection status. These developments are in stark contrast to the high standards of the Brazilian protected area system and corresponding International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources categories. They are due to protracted regularization of land conversion and establishment of designated protection areas. Furthermore, they reveal the dilemma of previously managed grasslands in strictly protected areas being eventually succeeded by forest, and the hazards of broad interpretation of the term "sustainable development".