Differences in the flower visitor behaviour on female and hermaphroditic flowers of <i>Cimicifuga simplex</i>
Differences in the flower visitor behaviour on female and hermaphroditic flowers of <i>Cimicifuga simplex</i>
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升麻雌雄花访花行为的差异
DOI：
10.1080/00222933.2021.1946611
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Itino Takao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toji Tsubasa;Itino Takao
访花昆虫的行为模式的影响，花的显示大小，花的奖励，等，我们测试了是否不同类群的昆虫visitingCimicifuga simplex会改变他们的行为之间的雌雄同体和雌花。雌雄同体分株的雄花为访花者提供花蜜和花粉作为奖励，而雌性分株的雌花仅为访花者提供花蜜。在C.单性株则不同，两性株较大，雌株较小。因此，为了研究花的奖赏和显着性的性别差异如何影响访花者的行为，我们比较了雄性阶段两性分株和雌性分株的访花者行为。大黄蜂Bombus beaticola beaticola（Hyplitera）、黄头胡蜂Vespula flaviceps（Hyplitera）、花蝇科Anthomyiidae spp.（双翅目）、条斑潜蝇Episyrphus balteatus（双翅目）和烟粉虱Pidonia aegrota（鞘翅目）。所有访蜂，特别是熊蜂和双翅目昆虫，对雄相两性分株的访问频率均高于雌相分株。熊蜂雌雄同体分株的花序单次访问接触的花的数量显着高于雌性分株，但在其他昆虫群体中没有发现差异。这些结果表明，熊蜂访问低回报雌性分株的频率低于雄性阶段雌雄同体分株，并且它们在雌性分株上停留的时间较短。相比之下，除了熊蜂之外的昆虫似乎会根据花朵的显眼程度来决定访问哪些花朵，但是一旦它们访问了一个分株，即使没有花粉奖励，它们也会继续访问分株上的花朵。
The behavioural patterns of flower-visiting insects are influenced by floral display size, floral reward, etc. We tested whether insects of various taxa visitingCimicifuga simplexwould change their behaviour between hermaphroditic and female flowers. Male-phase flowers of hermaphroditic ramets provide flower visitors with nectar and pollen as rewards, whereas female flowers of female ramets provide flower visitors with only nectar. The appearance of the both sexes inC. simplexis different with hermaphrodite being relatively large and female ramet being relatively small. Therefore, to investigate how sexual differences in floral rewards and conspicuousness affect flower visitor behaviour, we compared flower visitor behaviour between male-phase hermaphroditic ramets and female ramets.C. simplexwas visited by the bumblebeeBombus beaticola beaticola(Hymenoptera),Vespula flaviceps(Hymenoptera), Anthomyiidae spp. (Diptera),Episyrphus balteatus(Diptera), andPidonia aegrota(Coleoptera). The visitation frequency of all visitors, especially of bumblebees and dipteran insects, to male-phase hermaphroditic ramets was higher than that to female ramets. The number of flowers contacted per single visit to an inflorescence was significantly higher for hermaphroditic ramets than for female ramets in bumblebees, but no difference was found in other insect groups. These results suggest that bumblebees visit the low-reward female ramets less often than male-phase hermaphroditic ramets, and they stay on female ramets for a shorter time. In contrast, insects other than bumblebees seem to decide which flowers to visit according to how conspicuous the flowers are, but once they visit a ramet they continue to visit flowers on the ramet even if no pollen rewards there are.