NONMETALLIC CRYSTALS WITH HIGH THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY
NONMETALLIC CRYSTALS WITH HIGH THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-3697(73)90092-9
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
SLACK, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SLACK, GA
非金属晶体在室温及以下温度下主要通过声子传输热量。只有少数非金属晶体可以归类为高导热率固体，即在 300K 时的导热率 > 1 W/cmK。对天然和合成金刚石、立方氮化硼、BP 和 AIN 的导热率测量证实它们都是高导热率固体。研究了金刚石中的氮杂质和AlN中的氧杂质对热导率的影响。氮杂质散射声子主要来自应变场，氧杂质散射声子主要来自铝空位引起的质量缺陷。纯 A1N 以及纯 SiC、BeO、BP 和 BeS 在室温下的导热性能几乎与铜一样，而纯天然和合成金刚石的导热性能是铜的五倍。所有已知具有高导热性的非金属固体都具有类金刚石、碳化硼或石墨晶体结构。有十二种不同的类金刚石晶体、少量碳化硼型晶体和两种具有高导热性的石墨结构晶体。对岩盐、萤石、石英、刚玉和其他结构的分析显示没有此类物质的候选者。寻找高导热率晶体的四个规则是晶体应具有（1）低原子质量，（2）强键合，（3）简单的晶体结构，以及（4）低非谐性。这种固体的主要例子是金刚石，它在 300K 时具有已知的最高导热率。
Nonmetallic crystals transport heat primarily by phonons at room temperature and below. There are only a few nonmetallic crystals which can be classed as high thermal conductivity solids, in the sense of having a thermal conductivity of > 1 W/cmK at 300K. Thermal conductivity measurements on natural and synthetic diamond, cubic BN, BP and AIN confirm that all of them are high thermal conductivity solids. Studies have been made of the effect on the thermal conductivity of nitrogen impurities in diamond, and oxygen impurities in AIN. The nitrogen impurities scatter phonons mostly from the strain field, the oxygen impurities scatter phonons mostly from the mass defects caused by aluminum vacancies. Pure A1N as well as pure SiC, BeO, BP and BeS conduct heat almost as well as does copper at room temperature, while pure natural and synthetic diamonds conduct heat five times better than copper.All of the nonmetallic solids that are known to possess high thermal conductivity have either the diamond-like, boron carbide, or graphite crystal structure. There are twelve different diamond-like crystals, a few boron carbide-type crystals, and two graphite structure crystals that have high thermal conductivity. Analyses of the rock-salt, fluorite, quartz, corundum and other structures show no candidates for this class. The four rules for finding crystals with high thermal conductivity are that the crystal should have (1) low atomic mass, (2) strong bonding, (3) simple crystal structure, and (4) low anharmonicity. The prime example of such a solid is diamond, which has the highest known thermal conductivity at 300K.