The genome sequence of Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus disease
The genome sequence of Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus disease
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0335853100
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发表时间：
2003-02-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gottschalk, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brüggemann, H;Bäumer, S;Gottschalk, G
破伤风是人类和脊椎动物最引人注目和全球流行的疾病之一，并且已经报道了超过24个世纪。这种疾病的表现是痉挛性麻痹，是由已知的毒性第二大的物质破伤风毒素引起的，人的致死剂量约为1纳克/公斤。幸运的是，通过破伤风类毒素免疫，这种疾病得到了成功控制;尽管如此，据世界卫生组织估计，每年仍有40万例病例，主要是新生儿破伤风。破伤风病的病原体是破伤风梭菌，一种厌氧孢子形成细菌，其自然栖息地是土壤、灰尘和各种动物的肠道。本文报道了产纤维素酶C.破伤风E88，菌株马萨诸塞州的变体。基因组由2，799，250 bp的染色体组成，编码2，372个ORF。破伤风毒素和胶原酶编码在74，082-bp质粒上，含有61个ORF。其他与毒力相关的因子也被鉴定出来，如一系列表面层和粘附蛋白（35个ORF），其中一些是C.破伤风。与产气荚膜梭菌（气性坏疽的病原体）和丙酮丁醇梭菌（一种非致病性溶剂生产者）的基因组比较，揭示了C.破伤风：生物体可以依赖于广泛的钠离子生物能量学。其他参与建立和维持C.出现破伤风。
Tetanus disease is one of the most dramatic and globally prevalent diseases of humans and vertebrate animals, and has been reported for over 24 centuries. The manifestation of the disease, spastic paralysis, is caused by the second most poisonous substance known, the tetanus toxin, with a human lethal dose of approximate to1 ng/kg. Fortunately, this disease is successfully controlled through immunization with tetanus toxoid; nevertheless, according to the World Health Organization, an estimated 400,000 cases still occur each year, mainly of neonatal tetanus. The causative agent of tetanus disease is Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium, whose natural habitat is soil, dust, and intestinal tracts of various animals. Here we report the complete genome sequence of toxigenic C. tetani E88, a variant of strain Massachusetts. The genome consists of a 2,799,250-bp chromosome encoding 2,372 ORFs. The tetanus toxin and a collagenase are encoded on a 74,082-bp plasmid, containing 61 ORFs. Additional virulence-related factors could be identified, such as an array of surface-layer and adhesion proteins (35 ORFs), some of them unique to C. tetani. Comparative genomics with the genomes of Clostridium perfringens, the causative agent of gas gangrene, and Clostridium acetobutylicum, a nonpathogenic solvent producer, revealed a remarkable capacity of C. tetani: The organism can rely on an extensive sodium ion bioenergetics. Additional candidate genes involved in the establishment and maintenance of a pathogenic lifestyle of C. tetani are presented.