A density explanation of valence asymmetries in recognition memory
A density explanation of valence asymmetries in recognition memory
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DOI：
10.3758/s13421-015-0515-5
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Becker, Vaughn D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alves, Hans;Unkelbach, Christian;Becker, Vaughn D.
密度假说认为，积极信息比消极信息更相似，从而导致心理表征中积极信息的密度更高。本研究将密度假说应用于识别记忆中，以解释识别记忆中的明显价态不对称，即对负面信息的识别优势。先前的研究在价诱发情感的基础上解释了这种消极优势。我们预测，正面信息的密度越高，识别性能越差。两个新旧单词识别实验测试了积极和消极刺激之间的差异密度是否会在识别记忆中产生消极的优势，超过了价诱发的影响。在实验1中，被试对消极词汇刺激的辨别能力较强（即误报较少），对积极词汇的反应倾向较强。回归分析表明，不对称性是密度的函数，而不是价的函数。实验二改变刺激密度与效价正交。同样，可判别性和反应偏差是密度的函数，而不是效价的函数。我们得出结论，较高的积极信息密度导致识别记忆中明显的价不对称。
The density hypothesis states that positive information is more similar than negative information, resulting in higher density of positive information in mental representations. The present research applies the density hypothesis to recognition memory to explain apparent valence asymmetries in recognition memory, namely, a recognition advantage for negative information. Previous research explained this negativity advantage on the basis of valence-induced affect. We predicted that positive information's higher density impairs recognition performance. Two old-new word recognition experiments tested whether differential density between positive and negative stimuli creates a negativity advantage in recognition memory, over and above valence-induced affect. In Experiment 1, participants better discriminated negative word stimuli (i.e., less false alarms) and showed a response bias towards positive words. Regression analyses showed the asymmetry to be function of density and not of valence. Experiment 2 varied stimulus density orthogonal to valence. Again, discriminability and response bias were a function of density and not of valence. We conclude that the higher density of positive information causes an apparent valence asymmetry in recognition memory.