The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence
The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence
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DOI：
10.1007/s10964-013-0049-8
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Pinchevsky, Gillian M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fagan, Abigail A.;Wright, Emily M.;Pinchevsky, Gillian M.
研究表明，接触暴力可能对青年造成许多负面影响，但邻里条件可能在多大程度上促进受害者的复原力还不清楚。本研究检验的假设，邻里集体效能减弱青少年暴露于暴力，物质使用和暴力之间的关系。数据收集自参与芝加哥社区人类发展项目的1，661至1，718名青少年，这些青少年在性别（51%男性，49%女性）、种族/民族（48%西班牙裔，34%非裔美国人，14%高加索人和4%其他种族/民族）和年龄（平均年龄12岁;范围8-16岁）方面存在差异。邻里集体效能的信息是从成年居民，从1990年美国的数据。人口普查被用来控制邻里的不利因素。基于分层建模技术来调整聚类数据，伯努利模型表明，更多的暴力暴露与烟草，酒精和大麻的使用和暴力犯罪的可能性更大有关。泊松模型表明，受害也与更多种类的物质使用和暴力行为有关。在评估各种物质使用的模型中发现了集体效能的调节作用;受害和物质使用之间的关系较弱，青年社区的集体效能水平较高，而较低。这些发现与文献表明社会支持可以改善受害的负面影响是一致的。这项调查扩展了这项研究，表明邻里社会支持也有助于促进青少年的弹性。
Research has demonstrated that exposure to violence can result in many negative consequences for youth, but the degree to which neighborhood conditions may foster resiliency among victims is not well understood. This study tests the hypothesis that neighborhood collective efficacy attenuates the relationship between adolescent exposure to violence, substance use, and violence. Data were collected from 1,661 to 1,718 adolescents participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, who were diverse in terms of sex (51 % male, 49 % female), race/ethnicity (48 % Hispanic, 34 % African American, 14 % Caucasian, and 4 % other race/ethnicity), and age (mean age 12 years; range 8-16). Information on neighborhood collective efficacy was obtained from adult residents, and data from the 1990 US. Census were used to control for neighborhood disadvantage. Based on hierarchical modeling techniques to adjust for the clustered data, Bernoulli models indicated that more exposure to violence was associated with a greater likelihood of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and perpetration of violence. Poisson models suggested that victimization was also related to a greater variety of substance use and violent behaviors. A moderating effect of collective efficacy was found in models assessing the variety of substance use; the relationship between victimization and substance use was weaker for youth in neighborhoods with higher versus lower levels of collective efficacy. These findings are consistent with literature indicating that social support can ameliorate the negative impact of victimization. This investigation extends this research to show that neighborhood social support can also help to promote resiliency among adolescents.