Bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in biosolids and spiked sediment to the aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus
Bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in biosolids and spiked sediment to the aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus
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DOI：
10.1897/04-179r.1
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hale, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ciparis, S;Hale, RC
多溴联苯醚(PBDE)阻燃剂已广泛存在于环境中。据报道，美国污水污泥(生物固体)中存在高浓度。新兴的将生物固体用作肥料的做法为将多溴二苯醚重新引入地表水和水生沉积物创造了一条途径。生物固体和沉积物相关的多溴二苯醚的生物利用度是使用淡水寡毛类、变种蚯蚓进行评估的。寡毛虫暴露在堆肥后的生物固体(1,600 ng/g总多溴联苯醚)和人工沉积物中，其中添加了五溴和十溴联苯醚(BDE)配方(1,300 ng/g总多溴联苯醚)。研究了8种同系物的摄取(28天)和净化(21天)。两种底物中的多溴二苯醚都是生物可利用的，但添加人工底泥的生物累积量要高出5-10倍。同系物BDE47和BDE99是暴露后寡毛类中最常见的同系物。同源的BDE-47具有更强的生物累积性，可能是由于BDE-99的提纯速度提高了三倍。五溴和六溴同系物的生物积累受取代方式的影响似乎比溴化程度更大。十溴二苯醚中的主要同系物BDE209的摄取量很小。底栖生物从生物固体和沉积物中积累某些多溴二苯醚同系物，为转移到更高的营养水平提供了一条途径，每次营养转移都可能增加对同系物的区分。
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have become distributed ubiquitously in the environment. High concentrations have been reported in U.S. sewage sludge (biosolids). The burgeoning practice of land-applying biosolids as fertilizer creates an avenue for reintroduction of PBDEs to surface waters and aquatic sediments. Bioavailability of biosolids- and sediment-associated PBDEs was assessed using the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. Oligochaetes were exposed to composted biosolids (1,600 ng/g total PBDEs) and artificial sediment spiked with penta- and deca-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) formulations (1,300 ng/g total PBDEs). Uptake (28-d exposure) and depuration (21 d) of eight congeners were studied. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in both substrates were bioavailable, but bioaccumulation was 5 to 10 times greater from spiked artificial sediment. The congeners BDE 47 and BDE 99 were the most prevalent congeners in oligochaetes after exposure. Congener BDE 47 was more bioaccumulative, possibly due to the threefold greater depuration rate of BDE 99. Bioaccumulation of penta- and hexa-brominated congeners appeared to be affected more strongly by substitution pattern than degree of bromination. Uptake of BDE 209, the dominant congener in deca-BDE, was minimal. Accumulation of certain PBDE congeners from biosolids and sediments by benthos provides a pathway for transfer to higher trophic levels, and congener discrimination may increase with each trophic transfer.