The Search for Generational Memory: Tribal Rites in Industrial Society.
The Search for Generational Memory: Tribal Rites in Industrial Society.
复制标题
寻找世代记忆：工业社会的部落仪式。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Hareven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Hareven
1958年，Claude cockburn回忆起第二次世界大战后不久，他在索非亚会见了三个说拉迪诺语的犹太人。他们解释说，他们不是西班牙人，但其中一人补充说，“我们家在搬到土耳其之前曾住在西班牙。现在我们要搬到保加利亚去。”当考克伯恩问他，他家离开西班牙有多久了，他回答说大约有五百年了。那人说起这些事，就好像是“几年前”发生的一样。这个著名的事件被经常引用，作为历史记忆相对性的一个例子。它还表明，个体将自己与前几代人发生的事件联系在一起的时间很长。与其他文化相比，对大多数美国人来说，代际记忆的跨度相对较短。代际记忆这个术语在这里被广泛地用于包括个人对自己家庭历史的记忆，以及对过去的更普遍的集体记忆。大多数人甚至不记得，或者从来不知道他们祖父的职业或出生地。对于一小部分美国人来说，他们的记忆可以追溯到美国独立战争，或者五月花之前的英国或欧洲绳子。对于后来移民的后代来说，记忆大多延伸到美国的第一代，或者在少数情况下，延伸到“故国”的最后一代。历史感不依赖于代际记忆的深度，但身份和意识却依赖于，因为它们依赖于个人的生活史和家族史与特定历史时刻的联系。最近，在美国社会中，通过追溯家谱和口述历史来寻找根源的努力获得了相当大的普及。自美国建国200周年以来，这一进程就被赋予了一种魔力。同时，一些将搜索商业化的努力也出现了。越来越多的传统学者和基金会也开始鼓励口述历史，这既是一种检索或抢救消失的历史信息的手段，也是激发社区认同的一种方式。成功？Roots已经公开戏剧化了这些努力的象征意义。家谱最初的功能是为地位、财产、继承、技能或政治地位的要求提供谱系和合法化。这种真实的和象征性的家谱功能在美国留存了下来
In 1958 Claude cockburn recalled a meeting with three Ladino-speaking Jews in Sofia shortly after the Second World War. They explained that they were not Spaniards, but one of them added, "Our family used to live in Spain before they moved to Turkey. Now we are moving to Bulgaria." When Cockburn asked him how long it had been since his family lived in Spain, he responded that it had been approximately five hundred years. The man spoke of these events as though they had occurred "a couple of years ago."2 This famous incident has been cited frequently as an example of the relativity of historical memory. It also suggests the lengthy time over which individuals associate themselves with events which occurred generations earlier. By comparison to other cultures, for most Americans generational memory spans a relatively brief period. The term generational memory is employed here broadly to encompass the memories which individuals have of their own fami lies' history, as well as more general collective memories about the past. Most people do not even remember, or never knew, their grandfathers' occupation or place of birth. For a small proportion of the American population memory reaches back to the American Revolution, or to pre-Mayflower England or Eu rope. For descendants of later immigrations, memory extends mostly to the first generation in America, or, in fewer instances, to the last generation in the "old country." A sense of history does not depend on the depth of generational mem ory, but identity and consciousness do, because they rest on the linkage of the individual's life history and family history with specific historical moments. Recently, efforts in American society to stretch generational memory, namely, the search for roots, through the tracing of genealogies and through oral history, have gained considerable popularity. A touch of magic has been at tached to the process since the Bicentennial, and, in the aftermath o? Roots,3 a number of efforts to commercialize the search have emerged as well. More tradi tional scholars and foundations have also begun to encourage oral history, both as a means of retrieving or salvaging vanishing historical information and as a way to spark community identity. The success o? Roots has publically drama tized the symbolic significance of such efforts. Genealogies originally functioned to provide pedigrees and legitimization for status, claims for property, inheritance, or access to skills or political posi tions. Such real and symbolic functions of genealogies have survived in Ameri 137