Food security measurement in a global context: The food insecurity experience scale
Food security measurement in a global context: The food insecurity experience scale
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DOI：
10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.065
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Nord, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cafiero, Carlo;Viviani, Sara;Nord, Mark
家庭和个人获得粮食的能力（“粮食安全”的关键方面之一）是一个重要的福利层面，对客观衡量提出了重大挑战。本文介绍了Rasch模型为基础的程序开发，以定义八项食品不安全经验量表（FIES）的贡献，建立一个指标，全球粮食不安全的监测。粮农组织于2014年、2015年和2016年从153个国家或地区的国家代表性成年人口样本中收集的经验性粮食不安全调查数据被用于制定方法，以估计中度和严重粮食不安全的跨国可比流行率。对每个国家分别估计了基于Rasch模型的量表，并评估了数据与模型假设的一致性。为了确保跨国可比性，使用了一种基于8个FIES项目中每一个项目的平均标准化严重程度的程序来确定一个全球参考尺度，可以根据该尺度分别校准每个国家获得的措施。校准是通过使国家和参考量表之间似乎共同的项目的严重性参数的平均值和标准差相等来实现的，因此被用作度量的锚点。数据显示，这些数据与Rasch模型的假设有足够的一致性，可以可靠地衡量每个国家粮食不安全的普遍程度。153例病例中有151例（98.7%）可以使用4个或更多项目作为锚定点进行校准，其中绝大多数病例（121例）可以使用6个或更多项目进行校准。通过将基于FIES的指标与其他既定的社会发展（不发达）指标进行比较，同时验证了国家一级粮食不安全普遍程度的估计数。粮农组织获得的中等或严重粮食不安全的国家发生率与营养不良的发生率以及几个广泛使用的国民收入、健康和福祉指标密切相关。拟议的校准方法可以应用于其他现有的经验为基础的粮食安全量表，使用类似的项目，从而提供了可能性，使用这些工具收集的数据，以产生国际可比的粮食不安全的普遍性措施。在世界范围内更广泛地采用FIES或基于经验的兼容粮食安全量表之前，各国可以选择使用2014-2016年粮农组织收集的数据作为基线，以监测最近制定的2030年可持续发展议程目标2.1的进展情况。
The ability of households and individuals to access food (one of the key aspects of ' food security') is an important welfare dimension that poses important challenges for objective measurement. This paper describes the Rasch model-based procedures developed to define the eight-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) as a contribution towards the establishment of an indicator for global monitoring of food insecurity. Experiential food insecurity survey data, collected by FAO from nationally representative samples of the adult population, once every year in 2014, 2015 and 2016 from 153 countries or territories, are used to develop methods to estimate cross-country comparable prevalence rates of moderate and severe food insecurity. A Rasch model-based scale was estimated separately for each country and data were assessed for consistency with model assumptions. To ensure cross-country comparability, a procedure based on the median normalized severities of each of the eight FIES items was used to define a global reference scale, against which measures obtained in each country can be separately calibrated. Calibration is obtained by equating the mean and standard deviation of the severity parameters of the items that appear to be common between the national and the reference scale, and thus used as anchoring points for the metric. Data showed sufficient consistency with the Rasch model assumptions to produce reliable measures of the prevalence of food insecurity in each country. Calibration was possible using 4 or more items as anchoring points in 151 of 153 (98.7%) of the cases, and 6 or more items in the vast majority of them (121 cases). Concurrent validation of the estimates of prevalence of food insecurity at national level was obtained by comparing the FIES-based indicator with other established indicators of social (under) development. National prevalence rates of moderate-or-severe food insecurity obtained by FAO correlate well with the prevalence of undernourishment and with several widely used indicators of national income, health, and well-being. The proposed calibration method can be applied to other existing experience-based food security scales that use similar items, thus affording the possibility to use data collected with those instruments to produce internationally comparable measures of the prevalence of food insecurity. Pending broader adoption of the FIES or compatible experience-based food security scales worldwide, countries could choose to use the 2014-2016 results obtained using the data collected by FAO as the baseline to monitor progress towards Target 2.1 of the recently established 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.