Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas
Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363
复制
发表时间：
2019-10-10
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Ebinghaus, Ralf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joerss, Hanna;Apel, Christina;Ebinghaus, Ralf
随着传统的长链全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）、全氟烷烃磺酸添加剂（pfsa）及其前体的逐步淘汰，新兴的单氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）引起了人们的注意。本研究旨在调查欧洲沿海环境中选定的新出现的PFASs作为污染物的重要性，以及从遗留的长链PICAs和pfsa向替代化合物的可能过渡。因此，对2017年取样的北海和波罗的海地表水和沉积物中29种PFASs的空间分布进行了分析。北海地表水的特点是受点源的影响和与开阔水域的不断交换，其替代化合物HFPO-DA的含量约为其前身PFOA的三倍。对过去十年样品提取物的重新分析表明，HFPO-DA在2011年就已经存在，当时它还没有成为焦点。在水交换有限、扩散源为主的波罗的海，HFPO-DA的比例可以忽略不计，而长链PFCAs和PFSAs对Sigma PFASs的贡献仍在30%左右。在86%的波罗的海样本中发现了尚未在欧洲沿海环境中报告的新出现的环状化合物全氟-4-乙基环己磺酸盐（PFECHS）。受沉积物特征和源特异性贡献的影响，表层沉积物中全氟烷烃的空间分布比水样变化更大。长链遗留物质全氟辛烷磺酸的线性异构体是整个研究区域发现的主要化合物。在新出现的全氟烷基膦酸中，6:6和6:8全氟烷基膦酸（PFPiAs）在潜在工业投入物附近和沉淀区被确定。结果表明，特定的新出现的PFASs在被调查的沿海环境中起着相关的作用，而向替代品的转变取决于来源和地理条件。(C) 2019作者。Elsevier B.V.出版
Along with the phase-out of legacy long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic adds (PFSAs) and their precursors, attention has been drawn to emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This study is aimed at investigating the importance of selected emerging PFASs as pollutants in European coastal environments and a possible transition from legacy long-chain PICAs and PFSAs to replacement compounds. Therefore, the spatial distribution of 29 PFASs was analysed in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas sampled in 2017. Levels of the replacement compound HFPO-DA were approximately three times higher than those of its predecessor PFOA in surface water from the North Sea, which is characterised by the influence of point sources and constant exchange with open water. Reanalysis of sample extracts from the last decade showed that HFPO-DA had already been present in 2011, when it had not yet been in focus. In the Baltic Sea with a limited water exchange and dominance of diffuse sources, the proportion of HFPO-DA was negligible, whereas long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs still contributed to Sigma PFASs with about 30%. The emerging cyclic compound perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS), which has not yet been reported in European coastal environments, was detected in 86% of the Baltic Sea samples. Influenced by sediment characteristics in addition to source-specific contributions, the spatial distribution of PFASs in surface sediments was more variable than for water samples. The linear isomer of the long-chain legacy substance PFOS was the predominant compound found over the entire study area. Of the emerging PFASs, 6:6 and 6:8 perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPiAs) were identified close to potential industrial inputs and in sedimentation areas. The results show that particular emerging PFASs play a relevant role in the investigated coastal environments and that a shift to replacements is dependent on sources and geographical conditions. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.