Hot bats: extreme thermal tolerance in a desert heat wave
Hot bats: extreme thermal tolerance in a desert heat wave
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-014-1202-2
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Geiser, Fritz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bondarenco, Artiom;Koertner, Gerhard;Geiser, Fritz
据预测，气候变化将增加极端温度，从而增加对生物体的热应力。生活在炎热沙漠中的动物已经暴露在高环境温度（T（a））下，使它们特别容易受到进一步变暖的影响。然而，人们对极端高温事件对小型沙漠哺乳动物的影响知之甚少，特别是那些没有受到环境温度波动强烈保护的树栖微蝠。在热浪与记录T（a）在斯特国家公园，我们量化的热生理和行为的一个自由放养的小宽鼻（Scotorepens greyii，此后Scotorepens）和两个内陆freetail蝙蝠（Mormopterus物种3，此后Mormopterus）使用温度遥测超过3天。在1月11日和13日，最大T（a）类似于45.0 A摄氏度，所有监测的蝙蝠都符合温度。2013年1月12日，当T（a）超过48.0 A度C时，Scotorepens在白天放弃了绝缘较差的栖息地，而Mormopterus则留在绝缘较好的栖息地，并且大多数都是热适应性的。最高皮肤温度（T（皮肤））范围从44.0至44.3摄氏度的Scotorepens和40.0至45.8摄氏度的Mormopterus，这些是最高的T（皮肤）值报告的任何自由放养的蝙蝠。我们的研究提供了第一个证据，证明自由放养的沙漠微蝠具有广泛的耐热性。它表明，这些蝙蝠可以忍受哺乳动物已知的最极端的T（皮肤）范围（3.3至45.8 A摄氏度），并通过在很宽的温度范围内进行热适应来延迟T（皮肤）的调节，从而降低脱水和死亡的风险。
Climate change is predicted to increase temperature extremes and thus thermal stress on organisms. Animals living in hot deserts are already exposed to high ambient temperatures (T (a)) making them especially vulnerable to further warming. However, little is known about the effect of extreme heat events on small desert mammals, especially tree-roosting microbats that are not strongly protected from environmental temperature fluctuations. During a heat wave with record T (a)s at Sturt National Park, we quantified the thermal physiology and behaviour of a single free-ranging little broad-nosed (Scotorepens greyii, henceforth Scotorepens) and two inland freetail bats (Mormopterus species 3, henceforth Mormopterus) using temperature telemetry over 3 days. On 11 and 13 January, maximum T (a) was similar to 45.0 A degrees C, and all monitored bats were thermoconforming. On 12 January 2013, when T (a) exceeded 48.0 A degrees C, Scotorepens abandoned its poorly insulated roost during the daytime, whereas both Mormopterus remained in their better insulated roosts and were mostly thermoconforming. Maximum skin temperatures (T (skin)) ranged from 44.0 to 44.3 A degrees C in Scotorepens and from 40.0 to 45.8 A degrees C in Mormopterus, and these are the highest T (skin) values reported for any free-ranging bat. Our study provides the first evidence of extensive heat tolerance in free-ranging desert microbats. It shows that these bats can tolerate the most extreme T (skin) range known for mammals (3.3 to 45.8 A degrees C) and delay regulation of T (skin) by thermoconforming over a wide temperature range and thus decrease the risks of dehydration and consequently death.