Odour-mediated responses of phytophagous mites to conspecific and heterospecific competitors
Odour-mediated responses of phytophagous mites to conspecific and heterospecific competitors
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DOI：
10.1007/s004420050147
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sabelis, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pallini, A;Janssen, A;Sabelis, MW
植物在食草动物的攻击下产生挥发物，从而吸引食草动物的天敌。然而，在这样做的过程中，这种植物对其他食草动物来说变得更加显眼。食草动物可能会利用气味作为一种暗示，以避免访问已经被感染的植物，从而避免对食物的竞争。或者，也可以访问防御能力因早期攻击而减弱的工厂。我们调查了一个物种的草食动物（二斑叶螨）的气味从黄瓜植物的同种或异种（西方花蓟马，Frankliniella oceanentalis）草食动物的侵扰。实验室的嗅觉实验表明，叶螨有轻微的，但显着的，偏好与同种侵染的植物，但强烈避免植物与蓟马。这些结果得到了温室实验的证实。我们在六株植物的圆圈中心的土壤上释放了蜘蛛螨，其中一半被同种或异种（蓟马）侵染，而另一半则未被侵染。结果发现，60-70%的螨释放后5小时内重新捕获的植物。这些实验的结果与嗅觉仪实验的结果一致。(1)在被蓟马侵染的植物上发现的叶螨比在未被侵染的植物上发现的叶螨显著更少，以及（2）在具有同种的植物上发现的螨比在干净的植物上发现的螨更多（尽管这种差异不显著）。从功能的角度来看，叶螨更喜欢干净的植物而不是有蓟马的植物，这是有道理的，因为蓟马不仅是叶螨的竞争对手，而且也被称为叶螨的内部捕食者。可能的原因轻微的吸引力的叶螨与同种侵染植物进行了讨论。
Plants under herbivore attack produce volatiles, thus attracting natural enemies of the herbivores. However, in doing so, the plant becomes more conspicuous to other herbivores. Herbivores may use the odours as a cue to refrain from visiting plants that are already infested, thereby avoiding competition for food. or, alternatively, to visit plants with defences weakened by earlier attacks. We investigated the response of one species of herbivore (the spider mite Tetranychus urticae) to odours emanating from cucumber plants infested by conspecific or heterospecific (the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis) herbivores. Olfactometer experiments in the laboratory showed that spider mites have a slight, but significant, preference for plants infested with conspecifics, but strongly avoid plants with thrips. These results were substantiated with greenhouse experiments. We released spider mites on the soil in the centre of a circle of six plants, half of which were infested with either conspecifics or heterospecifics (thrips), whereas the other half were uninfested. It was found that 60-70% of the mites were recaptured on the plants within 5 h after release. Results of these experiments were in agreement with results of the olfactometer experiments. (1) significantly fewer spider mites were found on plants infested with thrips than on uninfested plants and (2) more mites were found on plants with conspecifics than on clean plants (although this difference was not significant). From a functional point of view it makes sense that spider mites prefer clean plants over thrips-infested plants, since thrips are not only competitors, but are also known as intraguild predators of spider mites. Possible reasons for the slight attraction of spider mites to plants infested with conspecifics are discussed.