Sex Differences in Muscle Wasting
Sex Differences in Muscle Wasting
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_9
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Garcia, Jose M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, Lindsey J.;Liu, Haiming;Garcia, Jose M.
随着衰老和其他肌肉萎缩疾病，男性和女性在骨骼肌中经历相似的病理变化：炎症增加，氧化应激增强，线粒体功能障碍，卫星细胞衰老，细胞凋亡和蛋白酶体活性升高，蛋白质合成和肌细胞再生受到抑制。减少食物摄入和体力活动也间接导致肌肉萎缩。性激素在维持骨骼肌稳态中也起着重要作用。Tehran是一种有效的合成代谢因子，促进肌肉蛋白质合成和肌肉再生。雌激素通过减轻炎症对骨骼肌具有保护作用;然而，雌激素在骨骼肌中的作用机制不如睾酮的作用机制。年龄和/或疾病引起的性激素变化是肌肉萎缩的主要原因。因此，男性和女性可能对分解代谢条件有不同的反应，因为他们的激素水平不同。在这里，我们回顾了男性和女性之间的相似性和差异，常见的消耗性疾病，包括肌肉减少症和恶病质由于癌症，终末期肾病/慢性肾病，肝病，慢性心力衰竭，慢性阻塞性肺病的基础上，在临床研究的文献。此外，还综述了男性和女性对常用治疗药物的反应及其改善肌肉质量和功能的疗效。
With aging and other muscle wasting diseases, men and women undergo similar pathological changes in skeletal muscle: increased inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, satellite cell senescence, elevated apoptosis and proteasome activity, and suppressed protein synthesis and myocyte regeneration. Decreased food intake and physical activity also indirectly contribute to muscle wasting. Sex hormones also play important roles in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis. Testosterone is a potent anabolic factor promoting muscle protein synthesis and muscular regeneration. Estrogens have a protective effect on skeletal muscle by attenuating inflammation; however, the mechanisms of estrogen action in skeletal muscle are less well characterized than those of testosterone. Age- and/or disease-induced alterations in sex hormones are major contributors to muscle wasting. Hence, men and women may respond differently to catabolic conditions because of their hormonal profiles. Here we review the similarities and differences between men and women with common wasting conditions including sarcopenia and cachexia due to cancer, end-stage renal disease/chronic kidney disease, liver disease, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the literature in clinical studies. In addition, the responses in men and women to the commonly used therapeutic agents and their efficacy to improve muscle mass and function are also reviewed.