Metacommunity-scale biodiversity regulation and the self-organised emergence of macroecological patterns
Metacommunity-scale biodiversity regulation and the self-organised emergence of macroecological patterns
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DOI：
10.1111/ele.13294
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Rossberg, Axel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Sullivan, Jacob D.;Knell, Robert J.;Rossberg, Axel G.
生态群落的时空结构受一些普遍机制的支配，存在着一些关键的宏观生态格局。然而，人们对这些机制的本质仍然知之甚少。本文采用简单的元群落组合模型，探讨了物种丰富度和群落组成的时空格局。尽管没有对生物空间结构或物种间生物量分布做出先验假设，但模型元群落自组织以再现有充分记录的模式，包括特征物种丰度分布、范围大小分布和物种面积关系。与观测结果一致的是，尽管物种不断更替，但我们模型中的物种丰富度达到了平衡。至关重要的是，我们观察到这些关键宏观生态模式的出现是在均衡的附近。模型中的生物多样性平衡是由于生态结构不稳定的发生而发生的，这是一种种群动力学机制。这有力地表明，地方群落过程与宏观生态现象之间存在因果关系。
There exist a number of key macroecological patterns whose ubiquity suggests that the spatio-temporal structure of ecological communities is governed by some universal mechanisms. The nature of these mechanisms, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we probe spatio-temporal patterns in species richness and community composition using a simple metacommunity assembly model. Despite making no a priori assumptions regarding biotic spatial structure or the distribution of biomass across species, model metacommunities self-organise to reproduce well-documented patterns including characteristic species abundance distributions, range size distributions and species area relations. Also in agreement with observations, species richness in our model attains an equilibrium despite continuous species turnover. Crucially, it is in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium that we observe the emergence of these key macroecological patterns. Biodiversity equilibria in models occur due to the onset of ecological structural instability, a population-dynamical mechanism. This strongly suggests a causal link between local community processes and macroecological phenomena.