Residential Edges as Ecological Traps: Postfledging Survival of a Ground-Nesting Passerine in a Forested Urban Park
Residential Edges as Ecological Traps: Postfledging Survival of a Ground-Nesting Passerine in a Forested Urban Park
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住宅边缘作为生态陷阱：森林城市公园中地面筑巢雀形目鸟类的幼年生存
DOI：
10.1525/auk.2013.12139
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
A. Elzinga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amy A. Shipley;M. T. Murphy;A. Elzinga
摘要。
大量的后代死亡率可能发生在鸟类的后羽翼期，但很少后羽翼的生存研究已经进行的栖息地适宜性的背景下。我们进行了为期2年的无线电遥测研究斑点Towhee（Pipilo maculatus）的繁殖成功和初出茅庐的生存在一个24公顷的森林公园在奥斯韦戈湖，俄勒冈州的住宅区。在证实以前的研究这个物种，我们发现（1）斑点Towhees筑巢更接近公园和居民区之间的边缘比预期的机会，和（2）对筑巢边缘附近产生最大和最多的后代。然而，命运在幼鸟期后发生了逆转。52只雏鸟中有36只在27天的跟踪期内幸存下来，尽管雏鸟更有可能在边缘附近而不是在内部被发现，但边缘附近的雏鸟死亡的可能性要高得多。所有死亡都是由于捕食，16起捕食事件中至少有11起是家猫（Felis卡图斯）和西部尖叫猫头鹰（Megascops kennicottii）造成的。一个随机模型，将巢成功的概率，雏鸟生产成功的巢，初出茅庐的生存表明，每个巢产生的独立后代的数量是最大的公园内部。大量使用，并明显偏好，边筑巢斑点Towhees，加上高初出茅庐的死亡率附近的边缘，创造了一个严重的生态陷阱，是不明显的，直到最后阶段的父母照顾。因此，未能记录后代的生存在繁殖的后期阶段可能会导致不正确的评估栖息地的适宜性和不良的管理决策。
ABSTRACT.
Substantial offspring mortality can occur during the postfledging period of birds, but few postfledging survival studies have been conducted within the context of habitat suitability. We conducted a 2-year radiotelemetry study of Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) reproductive success and fledgling survival in a 24-ha forested park in a residential area of Lake Oswego, Oregon. In corroboration of previous research on this species, we found (1) that Spotted Towhees nested closer to the edge between the park and residential neighborhoods than expected by chance, and (2) that pairs nesting near edges produced the largest and most offspring. However, fates were reversed during the postfledging period. Thirty-six of 52 fledglings survived the 27-day tracking period, and although fledglings were more likely to be found near edges than in the interior, fledglings near edges had a far higher probability of dying. All deaths were from predation, and at least 11 of 16 predation events were attributable to Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and Western Screech-Owls (Megascops kennicottii). A stochastic model that incorporated probability of nest success, nestling production from successful nests, and fledgling survival showed that the number of independent offspring produced per nest was greatest in the park interior. Heavy use of, and apparent preference for, edge by nesting Spotted Towhees, coupled with high fledgling mortality near edges, created a severe ecological trap that was not apparent until the final stage of parental care. Hence, failure to document offspring survival in the late stages of reproduction may lead to incorrect assessment of habitat suitability and poor management decisions.