What is the blood-brain barrier? A molecular perspective. Cerebral vascular biology.
What is the blood-brain barrier? A molecular perspective. Cerebral vascular biology.
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什么是血脑屏障？
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4615-4711-2_10
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Drewes,LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drewes,LR
“血脑屏障”一词是在一百多年前被创造出来的，因为人们观察到，进入血液循环的重要染料很快渗透并染色了哺乳动物身体的几乎所有器官和组织，除了大脑，它保持着苍白的奶油状外观。显微镜技术的进步表明，与其他血管床相比，排列在血管壁上的脑内皮细胞与连接复合物紧密相连，消除了细胞之间的间隙或空间，防止任何血源性物质自由扩散到脑实质空间。因此，内皮细胞位于血液和大脑之间的界面，在执行基本的生物功能中发挥关键作用，包括微量和宏量营养素的运输、受体介导的信号传导、白细胞运输和渗透调节。现在已经确定了一些负责这些独特性质的分子成分，并正在生理和疾病条件下进行表征。这些蛋白质包括参与紧密连接形成和组装的蛋白质；质膜内的蛋白质，负责输送脑能量底物和营养物质（葡萄糖、单羧酸、核苷、氨基酸等）；多药转运蛋白，p-糖蛋白和其他药物排斥蛋白，保护大脑免受外来的，潜在的破坏性化学物质的侵害。这些和其他最近的发现，作为一个整体，揭示了脑内皮是一个复杂和动态的生物系统，而不是最初认为的简单，惰性和刚性屏障。
The term “blood-brain barrier” was coined over one hundred years ago as a result of the observation that vital dyes introduced into the circulation quickly penetrated and stained nearly all organs and tissues of the mammalian body except the brain which retained its pale creamy appearance. Advances in microscopy revealed that, in contrast to other vascular beds, the brain endothelial cells lining the vascular wall are tightly linked with junctional complexes that eliminate gaps or spaces between cells and prevent any free diffusion of blood-borne substances into the brain parenchymal space. The endothelial cells, situated at the interface between blood and brain, therefore, play a critical role in performing essential biological functions including transport of micro-and macronutrients, receptor-mediated signaling, leukocyte trafficking, and osmoregulation. A number of molecular components responsible for some of these unique properties have now been identified and are being characterized under physiological and disease conditions. These include the proteins involved in formation and assembly of tight junctions; the plasma membrane-embedded proteins that are responsible for transport of brain energy substrates and nutrients (glucose, monocarboxylic acids, nucleosides, amino acids, others); the multi-drug transporter protein, p-glycoprotein, and other drug-rejecting proteins that protect the brain from foreign, potentially disruptive chemicals. These and other recent findings, taken as a whole, reveal the brain endothelium as a complex and dynamic biological system, in contrast to the simple, inert and rigid barrier initially perceived.