Cooperative activities in young children and chimpanzees.
Cooperative activities in young children and chimpanzees.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00895.x
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发表时间：
2006-05
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Felix Warneken;Frances S. Chen;M. Tomasello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Felix Warneken;Frances S. Chen;M. Tomasello
18-24个月大的人类儿童和3只年轻的黑猩猩与人类成年伙伴进行了4次合作活动。人类儿童成功地参与了合作解决问题的活动和社交游戏，而黑猩猩对社交游戏不感兴趣。作为一种实验操作，在每个任务中，成年伴侣在活动期间的特定点停止参与。所有的孩子都至少有一次试图与他重新交流的尝试，也许这表明他们试图恢复一个共同的目标。没有一只黑猩猩曾试图通过交流来重新吸引伴侣。这些结果被解释为一种独特的人类合作活动形式的证据，涉及在生命的第二年出现的共同意向。
Human children 18-24 months of age and 3 young chimpanzees interacted in 4 cooperative activities with a human adult partner. The human children successfully participated in cooperative problem-solving activities and social games, whereas the chimpanzees were uninterested in the social games. As an experimental manipulation, in each task the adult partner stopped participating at a specific point during the activity. All children produced at least one communicative attempt to reengage him, perhaps suggesting that they were trying to reinstate a shared goal. No chimpanzee ever made any communicative attempt to reengage the partner. These results are interpreted as evidence for a uniquely human form of cooperative activity involving shared intentionality that emerges in the second year of life.