Perspectives in the new Russulales
Perspectives in the new Russulales
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DOI：
10.3852/mycologia.98.6.960
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Nuytinck, Jorinde
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Steven L.;Larsson, Ellen;Nuytinck, Jorinde
鲁苏拉目是最近通过分子序列数据阐明的同向担子菌的12个主要谱系之一。该目形态最为多样，孢子体形态多样，包括复苏状、盘状、渗出反折、棍状、鞭状或腹形，以及从光滑的、孔状的、水泡状的、片状的到迷路状的。在功能上，这些真菌主要是腐生菌，但其他真菌是外生菌根、根寄生和昆虫共生体。对核5.8S、ITS2和大亚基rDNA基因的系统发育分析包含了迄今为止关于Russulales内分类群关系的最好信息。在鲁苏拉莱斯地区发现了两个大型姐妹群体，包括11-13个主要支系。根据分子和形态数据，虽然许多分类群的位置尚未确定，但已鉴定出12科约80属。含有外生菌根分类群的两个分支，分别对应于红菇科和信天翁科，代表了孢子体形态的最大多样性。主要的菌毛片层科，与再支持种嵌套，也包括菌毛隔离，胃类环状和胸状突起。信天翁科类似地含有复苏状孔、毛状孔和毛状迷路状的孢子梗。含硫醛化合物中典型染黑的液体的黑斑菌丝的存在是鲁苏拉目的一种同形现象。孢子或菌丝壁中频繁出现的淀粉样反应通常被认为是一种明显的突触，但并不一致。需要的方法包括功能基因测序、基因表达分析和整个序列的生化分析。
The Russulales is one of 12 major lineages recently elucidated by molecular sequence data in the homobasidiomycetes. The order is morphologically most diverse, containing a remarkable variety of sporophore forms including resupinate, discoid, effused-reflexed, clavarioid, pileate, or gasteroid and hymenophore configurations from smooth, poroid, hydnoid, lamellate, to labyrinthoid. Functionally these fungi are primarily saprotrophs but others are ectomycorrhizal, root parasites and insect symbionts. A phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear 5.8S, ITS2 and large-subunit rDNA genes comprises the best information to date on relationships of taxa within the Russulales. Two large sister groups encompassing 11-13 major clades have been recovered within the Russulales. Based on molecular and morphological data 12 families and approximately 80 genera have been identified, although placement of many taxa has not yet been determined. The two clades containing ectomycorrhizal taxa., corresponding to the Russulaceae and the Albatrellaceae, represent the greatest diversity of sporophore morphologies. The primarily pileate lamellate family Russulaceae is nested with resupinate species and also contains pileate sequestrate, gasteroid annulate and pleurotoid forms. Albatrellaceae similarly contains resupinate poroid, pileate poroid and pileate labyrinthoid sporophores. Presence of gloeoplerous hyphae containing fluid that typically stains black in sulfoaldehyde compounds is a synapomorphy for the Russulales. Amyloid reactions in spore or hyphal walls that occur frequently throughout the Russulales often are perceived as an obvious synapomorphy but are inconsistent. Approaches including sequencing functional genes, analysis of gene expression and biochemical analysis across the entire order are needed.