Reconstructing pre-colonial oyster demographics in the Chesapeake Bay, USA
Reconstructing pre-colonial oyster demographics in the Chesapeake Bay, USA
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重建美国切萨皮克湾的前殖民时期牡蛎人口统计
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecss.2009.08.004
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
M. Southworth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Mann;J. Harding;M. Southworth
在现存的切萨皮克湾，美国牡蛎（Crassostreavirginica）人口的增长和死亡率的最新估计被用来量化与现代人口统计学相关的人口丰度（dN/dT）和壳增生（dS/dT）的变化。牡蛎种群，将需要保持珊瑚礁增生率与海平面上升在地质时间框架相称的人口研究使用估计牡蛎寿命在前殖民地（前1600年）的时间结合并行估计疾病流行前的死亡率。分析表明，现代人口，与他们的疾病相关，年龄截短的人口，一般不能够维持和建设生物礁通过吸积。估计过滤率与切萨皮克湾牡蛎种群在1600年之前大大低估了实际的底栖-中上层耦合在此期间。原始牡蛎种群将支持水柱周转率在几分钟到几小时的顺序。因此，牡蛎礁的空间足迹受到河口可用生产力的限制。原始（1600年前）牡蛎礁的增生率计算描述了底栖-中上层耦合与牡蛎礁和相关群落的存在或不存在之间的密切关系。
Recent estimates of growth and mortality rates in extant Chesapeake Bay, USA oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations are used to quantify changes in both population abundance (dN/dT) and shell accretion (dS/dT) associated with modern population demographics. The demographics of oyster populations that would be required to maintain reef accretion rates commensurate with sea level rise over geological time frames are examined using estimates of oyster longevity in pre-colonial (pre -1600) times combined with parallel estimates of pre-disease endemic mortality. The analysis demonstrates that modern populations, with their disease related, age-truncated demographics, are generally not capable of maintaining and building biogenic reefs through accretion. Estimates of filtration rates associated with Chesapeake Bay oyster populations prior to 1600 considerably underestimate actual benthic-pelagic coupling during that period. Pristine oyster populations would have supported water column turnover rates on the order of minutes to hours. Thus, the spatial footprint of oyster reefs was limited by available productivity in the estuary. Accretion rate calculations for pristine (pre-1600) oyster reefs describe the intimate relationship between benthic-pelagic coupling and the presence or absence of oyster reefs and the associated communities.