Residential Radon and Lung Cancer: End of the Story?
Residential Radon and Lung Cancer: End of the Story?
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DOI：
10.1080/15287390500260879
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发表时间：
2006-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Samet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Samet
与氡有关的肺癌风险增加的最早证据主要来自对高度暴露的地下矿工的研究。在美国，20 世纪 80 年代初，随着瓦特拉斯 (Watras) 住宅的氡气浓度显着升高，人们对住宅暴露的担忧变得突出。那时，欧洲已经认识到室内氡的问题，并报道了第一个关于室内氡的流行病学研究。对室内氡气风险的担忧促使美国、加拿大、中国和一些欧洲国家开展了一系列关于住宅氡气与肺癌的病例对照研究。 1999 年，美国国家研究委员会电离辐射生物效应委员会 (BEIR VI) 权衡了当时关于该问题的科学证据，得出结论认为，住宅中的氡是造成肺癌负担的重要因素，并且可以通过线性非阈值模型适当估计风险。由于个别病例对照研究尚未提供住宅暴露水平下肺癌风险过高的一致直接证据，因此北美和欧洲都对住宅氡气研究进行了综合分析。这些综合分析，包括本期所述的北美汇总分析，是对矿工研究结果的重要补充，并进一步支持 BEIR VI 委员会和其他团体采用的癌症风险线性无阈值模型。
The earliest evidence of increased lung cancer risk associated with radon came largely from studies of highly exposed underground miners. In the United States, concerns about residential exposures became prominent in the early 1980s with the identification of the Watras home, which had remarkably elevated radon concentrations. By then, the problem of indoor radon was already recognized in Europe and the first epidemiological studies on indoor radon had been reported. The concern about the risk of indoor radon motivated a series of case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer in the United States, Canada, China, and a number of European countries. In 1999, the U.S. National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VI) weighed the scientific evidence available at that time on this issue and concluded that residential radon was an important contributor to the lung cancer burden and that risks were appropriately estimated by a linear nonthreshold model. Since individual case-control studies have not provided consistent direct evidence of excess lung cancer risk at residential exposure levels, combined analyses of residential radon studies have been undertaken in both North America and Europe. These combined analyses, including the North American pooled analysis described in this issue, represent an important complement to the findings of the miner studies and further support the linear no-threshold model for cancer risk adopted by the BEIR VI Committee and other groups.